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      Sexual Maturation, social support and physical activity in adolescents Translated title: Maduración sexual, apoyo social y actividad física en adolescentes Translated title: Maturação sexual, apoio social e atividade física em adolescentes

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT To analyze moderating maturation effect on association between social support and physical activity level in adolescents. Cross-sectional study conducted in 2014 with a representative sample of 855 adolescents (54% girls) enrolled in public school of São José dos Pinhais, Brazil. Adolescents reported weekly attendance who received different types of social support for physical activity, which was classified into three categories (“never," "sometimes," "always"). The social support score from each source was computed and classified in tertiles ("low", "intermediate", "high"). The moderate to vigorous leisure time physical activity was evaluated with a valid questionnaire and the score was classified as ≥300 min/wk. The maturation was self-assessed by pubic hairiness by photos and classified as "pubescent" and "post-pubescent". The associations were tested with Poisson regression in STATA 14. The fact that parents "sometimes" (PR: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.42-4.44) or "always" (PR: 4.60; 95% CI: 2.10-10.10) to attend the activities was positively associated with the physical activity of pubertal adolescents, whereas positive reinforcement for the activities ("always" commenting) was positively associated with the outcome in post-pubertal adolescents (PR: 2.60; 95% CI: 1.01-6.71). The fact that friends "always" watch activities (PR: 2.39; 95% CI: 1.01-5.76), the score "intermediate" (PR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.28-3.58) and "high" (RP: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.11-3.28) were positively associated with the physical activity of pubertal adolescents. Maturation shows a moderating effect in the association between the social support and physical activity.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN Analizar el efecto moderador del desarrollo y su asociación con el apoyo social, recibido de padres y de amigos, y en el nivel de actividad física de adolescentes. Estudio transversal con una muestra representativa de 855 adolescentes (54% mujeres), de São José dos Pinhais-PR. Los adolescentes reportaron la frecuencia semanal de diferentes tipos de apoyo social recibido para realizar actividad física, el cual fue clasificado en tres categorías (“nunca”, “a veces”, “siempre”). También fue computado un puntaje de apoyo social, proveniente de cada fuente y clasificado en tres categorías (“bajo”, “intermedio”, “alto”). La actividad física moderada a vigorosa en tiempo libre, fue evaluada con un cuestionario y clasificado con un puntaje de ≥300 min/sem. La etapa de desarrolho, fue autoevaluada por el participantes con ayuda de fotos de adolescentes clasificados en “púberes” y “pos-púberes”. Las asociaciones fueron probadas con regresiones de Poisson no STATA 12. La prevalencia de actividad física fue de 21,6%. Se presentó apoyo de los padres “a veces” (RP: 2,51; IC95%: 1,42-4,44) y “siempre“ (RP: 4,60; IC95%: 2,10-10,10) en las actividades y fue positivamente asociado con la actividad física de los adolescentes y púberes. Existe un refuerzo positivo para realizar las actividades si (“siempre”) hay apoyo y fue positivamente asociado al desenlace de los adolescentes pos-púberes (RP: 2,60; IC95%: 1,01-6,71). Si los amigos “siempre” asisten a las actividades (RP: 2,39; IC95%: 1,01-5,76), o un puntaje “intermedio” (RP: 2,13; IC95%: 1,28-3,58) y “elevado” (RP: 1,91; IC95%: 1,11-3,28) de apoyo de las actividades fueron positivamente asociados con la actividad física de los adolescentes púberes. El desarrollo tuvo un efecto moderador en la asociación entre el apoyo social y la actividad física.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO Analisar o efeito moderador da maturação na associação entre o apoio social, recebido dos pais e dos amigos, no nível de atividade física de adolescentes. Estudo transversal realizado em 2014 com amostra representativa de 855 adolescentes (54% meninas) da rede pública de ensino de São José dos Pinhais-PR. Os adolescentes reportaram a frequência semanal que receberam diferentes tipos de apoio social para a atividade física, o qual foi classificado em três categorias (“nunca”, “às vezes”, “sempre”). Também foi computado o escore de apoio social, proveniente de cada fonte, e classificado em tercis (“baixo”, “intermediário”, “elevado”). A atividade física moderada a vigorosa no lazer foi avaliada com questionário válido e o escore classificado em ≥300 min/sem. A maturação foi autoavaliado pela pilosidade púbica por fotos e classificada em “púberes” e “pós-púberes”. As associações foram testadas com a regressão de Poisson no STATA 14. O fato dos pais “as vezes” (RP: 2,51; IC95%: 1,42-4,44) ou “sempre“ (RP: 4,60; IC95%: 2,10-10,10) assistirem as atividades foi positivamente associado com a atividade física dos adolescentes púberes. Enquanto o reforço positivo para as atividades (“sempre” comentarem) foi positivamente associado ao desfecho em adolescentes pós-púberes (RP: 2,60; IC95%: 1,01-6,71). O fato dos amigos “sempre” assistirem as atividades (RP: 2,39; IC95%: 1,01-5,76), o escore “intermediário” (RP: 2,13; IC95%: 1,28-3,58) e “elevado” (RP: 1,91; IC95%: 1,11-3,28) de apoio deles foram positivamente associados com a atividade física dos adolescentes púberes. A maturação apresenta efeito moderador na associação entre o apoio social e a atividade física.

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          Chronological age vs. biological maturation: implications for exercise programming in youth.

          Biological maturation is associated with significant change to a number of physiological and structural processes throughout childhood and, in particular, adolescence. Mismatched rapid growth in the long bones relative to muscular lengthening may disrupt structure, neuromuscular function, and physical performance. Practitioners who work with school-age youth should be aware of the age-related changes that typically take place during a child's development to ensure that their strength and conditioning programming is as safe and effective as possible for enhancing performance and reducing injury risk. Although there are several methods available to assess biological maturation, practitioners who work with youth can benefit from assessment methods that are available and feasible, and that provide utility in the quantification of the degree and stages of biological maturation that affect motor performance in children and adolescents. This article synthesizes the relevant assessment methods and provides a rationale for understanding usable biological maturation assessment tools that can aid in the development of training program design for youth.
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            The role of social support on physical activity behaviour in adolescent girls: a systematic review and meta-analysis

            Abstract Adolescent girls have been targeted as a priority group for promoting physical activity levels however it is unclear how this can be achieved. There is some evidence to suggest that social support could impact the physical activity levels of adolescent girls, although the relationship is complex and not well understood. We aimed to systematically review and meta-analyse the relationship between social support and physical activity in adolescent girls, exploring how different types and providers of social support might influence the relationship. Articles were identified through a systematic search of the literature using 14 electronic databases, personal resources, grey literature, and reference lists of included studies and previous reviews. Search terms representing social support, physical activity and adolescent girls were identified and used in various combinations to form a search strategy which was adapted for different databases. Cross-sectional or longitudinal articles published in English that reported an association between social support and physical activity in adolescent girls between the ages of 10 to 19 years were included. Studies that focused only on clinical or overweight populations were excluded. Data extraction was carried out by one reviewer using an electronic extraction form. A random 25 % of included articles were selected for data extraction by a second reviewer to check fidelity. Risk of bias was assessed using a custom tool informed by the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Cohort Study Checklist in conjunction with data extraction. Cross-sectional results were meta-analysed and longitudinal results were presented narratively. Small but significant associations between all available providers of total social support (except teachers) and physical activity were found (r = .14-.24). Small but significant associations were also identified for emotional, instrumental and modelling support for some providers of support (r = .10-.21). Longitudinal research supported the cross-sectional analyses. Many of the meta-analysis results suggested high heterogeneity and there was some evidence of publication bias, therefore, the meta-analysis results should be interpreted with caution. In conclusion, the meta-analysis results suggest that social support is not a strong predictor of physical activity in adolescent girls though parents and friends may have a role in enhancing PA. Trial registration PROSPERO 2014:CRD42014006738 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12966-016-0405-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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              Steps/day translation of the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity guideline for children and adolescents

              Background An evidence-based steps/day translation of U.S. federal guidelines for youth to engage in ≥60 minutes/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) would help health researchers, practitioners, and lay professionals charged with increasing youth’s physical activity (PA). The purpose of this study was to determine the number of free-living steps/day (both raw and adjusted to a pedometer scale) that correctly classified children (6–11 years) and adolescents (12–17 years) as meeting the 60-minute MVPA guideline using the 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) accelerometer data, and to evaluate the 12,000 steps/day recommendation recently adopted by the President’s Challenge Physical Activity and Fitness Awards Program. Methods Analyses were conducted among children (n = 915) and adolescents (n = 1,302) in 2011 and 2012. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve plots and classification statistics revealed candidate steps/day cut points that discriminated meeting/not meeting the MVPA threshold by age group, gender and different accelerometer activity cut points. The Evenson and two Freedson age-specific (3 and 4 METs) cut points were used to define minimum MVPA, and optimal steps/day were examined for raw steps and adjusted to a pedometer-scale to facilitate translation to lay populations. Results For boys and girls (6–11 years) with ≥ 60 minutes/day of MVPA, a range of 11,500–13,500 uncensored steps/day for children was the optimal range that balanced classification errors. For adolescent boys and girls (12–17) with ≥60 minutes/day of MVPA, 11,500–14,000 uncensored steps/day was optimal. Translation to a pedometer-scaling reduced these minimum values by 2,500 step/day to 9,000 steps/day. Area under the curve was ≥84% in all analyses. Conclusions No single study has definitively identified a precise and unyielding steps/day value for youth. Considering the other evidence to date, we propose a reasonable ‘rule of thumb’ value of ≥ 11,500 accelerometer-determined steps/day for both children and adolescents (and both genders), accepting that more is better. For practical applications, 9,000 steps/day appears to be a more pedometer-friendly value.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cpd
                Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte
                CPD
                Universidad de Murcia (Murcia, Región de Murcia, Spain )
                1578-8423
                1989-5879
                2019
                : 19
                : 3
                : 125-138
                Affiliations
                [3] orgnameFederal Technological University of Paraná orgdiv1Academic Department of Physical Education orgdiv2Research Group on Environment, Physical Activity and Health Brazil
                [2] orgnamePositive University Brazil
                [1] orgnameFederal University of Paraná orgdiv1Center for Physical Activity and Health Studies orgdiv2Physical Education Department Brazil
                [4] orgnamePontifical Catholic University of Paraná orgdiv1School of Life Science orgdiv2Research Group on Physical Activity and Quality of Life Brazil
                Article
                S1578-84232019000100012 S1578-8423(19)01900300012
                f3b3b9e0-7bb9-4556-a06e-d21c3a9ad2cf

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 12 September 2019
                : 29 October 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 39, Pages: 14
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                Estudos Epidemiológicos,Pubertad,Puberty,Social Support,Actividad Motora,Adolescente,Apoyo Social,Adolescent,Epidemiologic Studies,Puberdade,Estúdios Epidemiológicos,Atividade Motora,Motor Activity,Apoio social

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