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      Biological and related applications of pillar[n]arenes

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          Abstract

          This review article summarizes the advance of pillar[ n]arene chemistry in terms of its application in biological and related fields.

          Abstract

          Pillar[ n]arenes are a new class of synthetic supramolecular macrocycles streamlined by their particular pillar-shaped architecture which consists of an electron-rich cavity and two fine-tuneable rims. The ease and diversity of the functionalization of the two rims open possibilities for the design of new architectures, topological isomers, and scaffolds. Significantly, this emerging class of macrocyclic receptors offers a unique platform for biological purposes. This review article covers the most recent contributions from the pillar[ n]arene field in terms of artificial membrane transport systems, controlled drug delivery systems, biomedical imaging, biosensors, cell adhesion, fluorescent sensing, and pesticide detection based on host–guest interactions. The review also uniquely describes the properties of sub-units that make pillar[ n]arenes suitable for biological applications and it provides a detailed outline for the design of new innovative pillar-like structures with specific properties to open up a new avenue for pillar[ n]arene chemistry.

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          Most cited references175

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          Synthetic molecular motors and mechanical machines.

          The widespread use of controlled molecular-level motion in key natural processes suggests that great rewards could come from bridging the gap between the present generation of synthetic molecular systems, which by and large rely upon electronic and chemical effects to carry out their functions, and the machines of the macroscopic world, which utilize the synchronized movements of smaller parts to perform specific tasks. This is a scientific area of great contemporary interest and extraordinary recent growth, yet the notion of molecular-level machines dates back to a time when the ideas surrounding the statistical nature of matter and the laws of thermodynamics were first being formulated. Here we outline the exciting successes in taming molecular-level movement thus far, the underlying principles that all experimental designs must follow, and the early progress made towards utilizing synthetic molecular structures to perform tasks using mechanical motion. We also highlight some of the issues and challenges that still need to be overcome.
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            para-Bridged symmetrical pillar[5]arenes: their Lewis acid catalyzed synthesis and host-guest property.

            Condensation of 1,4-dimethoxybenzene (DMB) with paraformaldehyde in the presence of BF3.O(C2H5)2 gave novel para-bridged pentacyclic pillar DMB (DMpillar[5]arene). Moreover, para-bridged pentacyclic hydroquinone (pillar[5]arene) was prepared. Pillar[5]arene formed 1:1 host-guest complexes with dialkyl viologen and alkyl pyridinium derivatives. However, pillar[5]arene did not form complexes with the diadamantyl viologen derivative since a bulky adamantyl group was unable to thread the cavity of pillar[5]arene.
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              Design and development of polymers for gene delivery.

              The lack of safe and efficient gene-delivery methods is a limiting obstacle to human gene therapy. Synthetic gene-delivery agents, although safer than recombinant viruses, generally do not possess the required efficacy. In recent years, a variety of effective polymers have been designed specifically for gene delivery, and much has been learned about their structure-function relationships. With the growing understanding of polymer gene-delivery mechanisms and continued efforts of creative polymer chemists, it is likely that polymer-based gene-delivery systems will become an important tool for human gene therapy.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                CHCOFS
                Chemical Communications
                Chem. Commun.
                Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
                1359-7345
                1364-548X
                2017
                2017
                : 53
                : 4
                : 677-696
                Affiliations
                [1 ]International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry (NMAC)
                [2 ]College of Chemistry
                [3 ]Jilin University
                [4 ]Changchun 130012
                [5 ]P. R. China
                [6 ]The First Clinical College
                [7 ]Harbin Medical University
                [8 ]Harbin
                Article
                10.1039/C6CC08967D
                f3c58b5f-e002-4900-bef2-dad9be1225aa
                © 2017
                History

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