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      Stable isotopes measurements reveal dual carbon pools contributing to organic matter enrichment in marine aerosol

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          Abstract

          Stable carbon isotope ratios in marine aerosol collected over the Southern Indian Ocean revealed δ 13C values ranging from −20.0‰ to −28.2‰. The isotope ratios exhibited a strong correlation with the fractional organic matter (OM) enrichment in sea spray aerosol. The base-level isotope ratio of −20.0‰ is characteristic of an aged Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) pool contributing a relatively homogeneous background level of DOM to oceanic waters. The range of isotope ratios, extending down to −28.2‰, is characteristic of more variable, stronger, and fresher Particulate Organic Matter (POM) pool driven by trophic level interactions. We present a conceptual dual-pool POM-DOM model which comprises a ‘young’ and variable POM pool which dominates enrichment in sea-spray and an ‘aged’ but invariant DOM pool which is, ultimately, an aged end-product of processed ‘fresh’ POM. This model is harmonious with the preferential enrichment of fresh colloidal and nano-gel lipid-like particulate matter in sea spray particles and the observed depleted δ 13C ratio resulting from isotope equilibrium fractionation coupled with enhanced plankton photosynthesis in cold water (−2 °C to +8 °C). These results re-assert the hypothesis that OM enrichment in sea-spray is directly linked to primary production and, consequently, can have implications for climate-aerosol-cloud feedback systems.

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          Most cited references17

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          Polysaccharide aggregation as a potential sink of marine dissolved organic carbon.

          The formation and sinking of biogenic particles mediate vertical mass fluxes and drive elemental cycling in the ocean. Whereas marine sciences have focused primarily on particle production by phytoplankton growth, particle formation by the assembly of organic macromolecules has almost been neglected. Here we show, by means of a combined experimental and modelling study, that the formation of polysaccharide particles is an important pathway to convert dissolved into particulate organic carbon during phytoplankton blooms, and can be described in terms of aggregation kinetics. Our findings suggest that aggregation processes in the ocean cascade from the molecular scale up to the size of fast-settling particles, and give new insights into the cycling and export of biogeochemical key elements such as carbon, iron and thorium.
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            Atmospheric processing of organic aerosols

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              Seasonal characteristics of the physicochemical properties of North Atlantic marine atmospheric aerosols

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Sci Rep
                Sci Rep
                Scientific Reports
                Nature Publishing Group
                2045-2322
                07 November 2016
                2016
                : 6
                : 36675
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Physics & Ryan Institute’s Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
                [2 ]Department of Nuclear Research, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology , Vilnius, Lithuania
                [3 ]Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University , Gent, Belgium
                [4 ]Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp (Campus Drie Eiken) , Antwerp, Belgium
                [5 ]Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CNRS-CEA-UVSQ , Gif-sur-Yvette, France
                [6 ]Energy Environment Water Research Center (EEWRC), The Cyprus Institute , Nicosia, Cyprus
                Author notes
                Article
                srep36675
                10.1038/srep36675
                5098177
                27819297
                f3cd9e43-fdf8-4d1a-8aa1-d438fa5d06fc
                Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                : 01 July 2016
                : 19 October 2016
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