Management of periodontal defects has always been a challenge in clinical periodontics. Recently mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been proposed for tissue regeneration in periodontal disease and repair of large bone defects. Bone regeneration has to be supported by a scaffold which has to be biocompatible, biodegradable, and able to support cell growth and differentiation. The aim of this study was to evaluate osteogenic differentiation of MSC seeded on a collagen scaffold.