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      Treatment of Liver Fibrosis after Hepatitis B with TCM Combined with NAs Evaluated by Noninvasive Diagnostic Methods: A Retrospective Study

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          Abstract

          Objective. Chronic hepatitis B liver fibrosis is an important intermediate link in the development of liver cirrhosis. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in Longhua Hospital affiliated to the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in order to prove whether integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine could improve the incidence of CHB complications and clinical prognosis. There are 130 patients with hepatitis B liver fibrosis (being treated from 2011–2021) included in the study, and the patients were divided into 64 TCM users (NAs combined with TCM) and 66 TCM nonusers (NAs antiviral therapy). The serum noninvasive diagnostic model (APRI, FIB-4) and LSM value were used to classify the stages of fibrosis. The results showed that the LSM value was decreased significantly in TCM users compared with TCM nonusers (40.63% versus 28.79%). Indicators of FIB-4 and APRI of TCM users have improved significantly compared with that of TCM nonusers (32.81% versus 10.61% and 35.94% versus 24.24%). The AST, TBIL, and HBsAg levels in TCM users were lower than those in TCM nonusers, and the HBsAg level was inversely correlated with the CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ in TCM users. The PLT and spleen thickness of TCM users also were improved considerably. The incidence rate of end-point events (decompensated cirrhosis/liver cancer) in TCM nonusers was higher than that of TCM users (16.67% versus 1.56%). The long course of the disease and a family history of hepatitis B were the risk factors for disease progression, and long-term oral administration of TCM was the protective factor. As a result, the serum noninvasive fibrosis index and imaging parameters in TCM users were lower than those of TCM nonusers. Patients in the treatment of NAs combined with TCM had better prognoses such as a lower HBsAg level, a more stable lymphocyte function, and a lower incidence of end-point events. The present findings suggest the effect of TCM combined with NAs in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B liver fibrosis is better than that of single drug treatment.

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          Development of a simple noninvasive index to predict significant fibrosis in patients with HIV/HCV coinfection.

          Richard Sterling, Eduardo Lissen, Nathan Clumeck … (2006)
          Liver biopsy remains the gold standard in the assessment of severity of liver disease. Noninvasive tests have gained popularity to predict histology in view of the associated risks of biopsy. However, many models include tests not readily available, and there are limited data from patients with HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection. We aimed to develop a model using routine tests to predict liver fibrosis in patients with HIV/HCV coinfection. A retrospective analysis of liver histology was performed in 832 patients. Liver fibrosis was assessed via Ishak score; patients were categorized as 0-1, 2-3, or 4-6 and were randomly assigned to training (n = 555) or validation (n = 277) sets. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that platelet count (PLT), age, AST, and INR were significantly associated with fibrosis. Additional analysis revealed PLT, age, AST, and ALT as an alternative model. Based on this, a simple index (FIB-4) was developed: age ([yr] x AST [U/L]) / ((PLT [10(9)/L]) x (ALT [U/L])(1/2)). The AUROC of the index was 0.765 for differentiation between Ishak stage 0-3 and 4-6. At a cutoff of 3.25 had a positive predictive value of 65% and a specificity of 97%. Using these cutoffs, 87% of the 198 patients with FIB-4 values outside 1.45-3.25 would be correctly classified, and liver biopsy could be avoided in 71% of the validation group. In conclusion, noninvasive tests can accurately predict hepatic fibrosis and may reduce the need for liver biopsy in the majority of HIV/HCV-coinfected patients.
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            A simple noninvasive index can predict both significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

            Chun-Tao Wai, Joel K. Greenson, Robert J. Fontana … (2003)
            Information on the stage of liver fibrosis is essential in managing chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients. However, most models for predicting liver fibrosis are complicated and separate formulas are needed to predict significant fibrosis and cirrhosis. The aim of our study was to construct one simple model consisting of routine laboratory data to predict both significant fibrosis and cirrhosis among patients with CHC. Consecutive treatment-naive CHC patients who underwent liver biopsy over a 25-month period were divided into 2 sequential cohorts: training set (n = 192) and validation set (n = 78). The best model for predicting both significant fibrosis (Ishak score > or = 3) and cirrhosis in the training set included platelets, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase with an area under ROC curves (AUC) of 0.82 and 0.92, respectively. A novel index, AST to platelet ratio index (APRI), was developed to amplify the opposing effects of liver fibrosis on AST and platelet count. The AUC of APRI for predicting significant fibrosis and cirrhosis were 0.80 and 0.89, respectively, in the training set. Using optimized cut-off values, significant fibrosis could be predicted accurately in 51% and cirrhosis in 81% of patients. The AUC of APRI for predicting significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in the validation set were 0.88 and 0.94, respectively. In conclusion, our study showed that a simple index using readily available laboratory results can identify CHC patients with significant fibrosis and cirrhosis with a high degree of accuracy. Application of this index may decrease the need for staging liver biopsy specimens among CHC patients.
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              Countdown to 2030: eliminating hepatitis B disease, China

              Jue Liu, Wannian Liang, Wenzhan Jing … (2019)
              Abstract Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem worldwide. China has the world’s largest burden of HBV infection and will be a major contributor towards the global elimination of hepatitis B disease by 2030. The country has made good progress in reducing incidence of HBV infection in the past three decades. The achievements are mainly due to high vaccination coverages among children and high coverage of timely birth-dose vaccine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HBV (both > 95%). However, China still faces challenges in achieving its target of 65% reduction in mortality from hepatitis B by 2030. Based on targets of the World Health Organization’s Global health sector strategy on viral hepatitis 2016–2021, we highlight further priorities for action towards HBV elimination in China. To achieve the impact target of reduced mortality we suggest that the service coverage targets of diagnosis and treatment should be prioritized. First, improvements are needed in the diagnostic and treatment abilities of medical institutions and health workers. Second, the government needs to reduce the financial burden of health care on patients. Third, better coordination is needed across existing national programmes and resources to establish an integrated prevention and control system that covers prevention, screening, diagnosis and treatment of HBV infection across the life cycle. In this way, progress can be made towards achieving the target of eliminating hepatitis B in China by 2030.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Zhang Wei:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2322-642X
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Evid Based Complement Alternat Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Evid Based Complement Alternat Med
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ECAM
                Title: Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM
                Publisher: Hindawi
                ISSN (Print): 1741-427X
                ISSN (Electronic): 1741-4288
                Publication date Collection: 2023
                Publication date (Electronic): 25 April 2023
                Publication date PMC-release: 25 April 2023
                Volume: 2023
                Electronic Location Identifier: 5711151
                Affiliations
                1Department of Hepatology, Longhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
                2Changhai Community Health Service Center, Yangpu District of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: JianLi Gao

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2443-3073
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7332-428X
                https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4576-8968
                https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0545-3474
                https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6110-9303
                https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8918-8475
                https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1171-631X
                https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2188-5249
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8355-8311
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2322-642X
                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2023/5711151
                PMC ID: 10154089
                SO-VID: f4048ec9-06ec-4a2c-abba-bf287ddb1ee7
                Copyright statement: Copyright © 2023 Li Ying et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 21 November 2022
                Date revision received : 26 March 2023
                Date accepted : 29 March 2023
                Funding
                Funded by: Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
                Award ID: ZYZK001–011
                Funded by: Beijing Medical Health Public Welfare Foundation
                Award ID: YWJKJJHKYJJ-G17010
                Funded by: Three-Year Action Plan for the Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Shanghai
                Award ID: ZY(2018–2020)-ZWB-1001-CPJS05
                Award ID: ZY3-JSFC-1-1009
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Complementary & Alternative medicine
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Complementary & Alternative medicine

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