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      ECMO in cardiac arrest and cardiogenic shock Translated title: ECMO bei Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand und kardiogenem Schock

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          Abstract

          Cardiogenic shock is an acute emergency, which is classically managed by medical support with inotropes or vasopressors and frequently requires invasive ventilation. However, both catecholamines and ventilation are associated with a worse prognosis, and many patients deteriorate despite all efforts. Mechanical circulatory support is increasingly considered to allow for recovery or to bridge until making a decision or definite treatment. Of all devices, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is the most widely used. Here we review features and strategical considerations for the use of ECMO in cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest.

          Zusammenfassung

          Der kardiogene Schock ist ein akut lebensbedrohlicher Notfall, der klassischerweise medikamentös (u. a. Inotropika und ggf. Vasopressoren) behandelt wird und häufig eine invasive Beatmung erfordert. Katecholamine und Beatmung sind jedoch mit einer ungünstigen Prognose assoziiert, und viele Patienten sind mit konservativen Maßnahmen nicht zu stabilisieren. Mechanische Kreislaufunterstützung wird immer öfter herangezogen, um den Kreislauf zu stabilisieren, dem erkrankten Herzen Zeit zur Erholung zu verschaffen oder eine Überbrückung bis zur definitiven Therapie zu etablieren. Das aktuell weltweit am häufigsten eingesetzte System zur mechanischen Kreislaufunterstützung in diesem Zusammenhang ist die extrakorporale Membranoxygenierung (ECMO). In der vorliegenden Übersicht fassen die Autoren die speziellen Eigenschaften dieses Systems sowie strategische Überlegungen im Kontext des kardiogenen Schocks und des Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstands zusammen.

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          Most cited references71

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          Cardiopulmonary resuscitation with assisted extracorporeal life-support versus conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adults with in-hospital cardiac arrest: an observational study and propensity analysis.

          Extracorporeal life-support as an adjunct to cardiac resuscitation has shown encouraging outcomes in patients with cardiac arrest. However, there is little evidence about the benefit of the procedure compared with conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), especially when continued for more than 10 min. We aimed to assess whether extracorporeal CPR was better than conventional CPR for patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest of cardiac origin. We did a 3-year prospective observational study on the use of extracorporeal life-support for patients aged 18-75 years with witnessed in-hospital cardiac arrest of cardiac origin undergoing CPR of more than 10 min compared with patients receiving conventional CPR. A matching process based on propensity-score was done to equalise potential prognostic factors in both groups, and to formulate a balanced 1:1 matched cohort study. The primary endpoint was survival to hospital discharge, and analysis was by intention to treat. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00173615. Of the 975 patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest events who underwent CPR for longer than 10 min, 113 were enrolled in the conventional CPR group and 59 were enrolled in the extracorporeal CPR group. Unmatched patients who underwent extracorporeal CPR had a higher survival rate to discharge (log-rank p<0.0001) and a better 1-year survival than those who received conventional CPR (log rank p=0.007). Between the propensity-score matched groups, there was still a significant difference in survival to discharge (hazard ratio [HR] 0.51, 95% CI 0.35-0.74, p<0.0001), 30-day survival (HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.28-0.77, p=0.003), and 1-year survival (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.33-0.83, p=0.006) favouring extracorporeal CPR over conventional CPR. Extracorporeal CPR had a short-term and long-term survival benefit over conventional CPR in patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest of cardiac origin.
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            Predicting survival after ECMO for refractory cardiogenic shock: the survival after veno-arterial-ECMO (SAVE)-score.

            Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may provide mechanical pulmonary and circulatory support for patients with cardiogenic shock refractory to conventional medical therapy. Prediction of survival in these patients may assist in management of these patients and comparison of results from different centers.
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              Cardiogenic shock: current concepts and improving outcomes.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                napp.christian@mh-hannover.de
                Journal
                Herz
                Herz
                Herz
                Springer Medizin (Munich )
                0340-9937
                1615-6692
                26 January 2017
                26 January 2017
                2017
                : 42
                : 1
                : 27-44
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0000 9529 9877, GRID grid.10423.34, Cardiac Arrest Center, Acute and Advanced Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, , Hannover Medical School, ; Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0000 9529 9877, GRID grid.10423.34, Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, , Hannover Medical School, ; Hannover, Germany
                Article
                4523
                10.1007/s00059-016-4523-4
                5306351
                28127638
                f4146193-c96c-4e45-93aa-8e4922dac25c
                © The Author(s) 2016

                Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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                © Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH 2017

                cardiogenic shock,cardiac arrest,sudden cardiac death,cardiopulmonary resuscitation,ecmo,mechanical circulatory support,microaxial pump,extracorporeal resuscitation,kardiogener schock,herz-kreislauf-stillstand,plötzlicher herztod,wiederbelebung,mechanische kreislaufunterstützung,mikroaxialpumpe,extrakorporale reanimation

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