Call to Action: Promoting Domestic and Global Tobacco Control by Ratifying the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in the United States

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Abstract

Tim K. Mackey and colleagues outline why the United States should ratify the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC).

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Most cited references 10

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The impact of cigarette pack design, descriptors, and warning labels on risk perception in the U.S.

Philip Smith, David Hammond, Maansi Bansal-Travers … (2011)

In the U.S., limited evidence exists on the impact of colors and brand imagery used in cigarette pack design. This study examined the impact of pack design, product descriptors, and health warnings on risk perception and brand appeal. A cross-sectional mall-intercept study was conducted with 197 adult smokers and 200 nonsmokers in Buffalo NY from June to July 2009 (data analysis from July 2009 to December 2010). Participants were shown 12 sets of packs randomly; each set varied by a particular design feature (color, descriptor) or warning label style (text versus graphic, size, attribution, message framing). Packs were rated on criteria including risk perceptions, quit motivation, and purchase interest. Participants selected larger, pictorial, and loss-framed warning labels as more likely to attract attention, encourage thoughts about health risks, motivate quitting, and be most effective. Participants were more likely to select packs with lighter color shading and descriptors such as light, silver, and smooth as delivering less tar, smoother taste, and lower health risk, compared to darker-shaded or full-flavor packs. Additionally, participants were more likely to select the branded compared to plain white pack when asked which delivered the most tar, smoothest taste, was more attractive, appealed to youth aged <18 years, and contained cigarettes of better quality. The findings support larger, graphic health warnings that convey loss-framed messages as most effective in communicating health risks to U.S. adults. The results also indicate that color and product descriptors are associated with false beliefs about risks. Plain packaging may reduce many of the erroneous misperceptions of risk communicated through pack design features. Copyright © 2011 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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The Minamata Convention on Mercury: attempting to address the global controversy of dental amalgam use and mercury waste disposal.

Tim K. Mackey, Bryan A. Liang, J. Contreras (2014)

In October 2013, a new international binding treaty instrument called the Minamata Convention on Mercury opened for signature in Minamata City, Japan, the site of arguably the worst public health and environmental disaster involving mercury contamination. The treaty aims to curb the significant health and environmental impacts of mercury pollution and includes provisions addressing the mining, export and import, storage, and waste management of products containing mercury. Importantly, a provision heavily negotiated in the treaty addresses the use of dental fillings using mercury amalgam, an issue that has been subject to decades of global controversy. Though use of dental amalgam is widespread and has benefits, concerns have been raised regarding the potential for human health risk and environmental damage from emissions and improper waste management. While the Minamata Convention attempts to address these issues by calling for a voluntary phase-down of dental amalgam use and commitment to other measures, it falls short by failing to require binding and measurable targets to achieve these goals. In response, the international community should begin exploring ways to strengthen the implementation of the dental amalgam treaty provisions by establishing binding phase-down targets and milestones as well as exploring financing mechanisms to support treaty measures. Through strengthening of the Convention, stakeholders can ensure equitable access to global oral health treatment while also promoting responsible environmental stewardship. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Civil society and the negotiation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.

S Glantz, Hadii M Mamudu (2008)

Tobacco control civil society organisations mobilised to influence countries during the negotiation of the World Health Organisation (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) between 1999 and 2003. Tobacco control civil society organisations and coalitions around the world embraced the idea of an international tobacco control treaty and came together as the Framework Convention Alliance (FCA), becoming an important non-state actor within the international system of tobacco control. Archival documents and interviews demonstrate that the FCA successfully used strategies, including publication of a newsletter, shaming symbolism and media advocacy to influence policy positions of countries during the FCTC negotiation. The FCA became influential in the negotiation process, by mobilising tobacco control civil society organisations and resources with the help of the Internet, and framing the tobacco control discussion around global public health.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS Med

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS Med

Journal ID (publisher-id): PLoS

Journal ID (pmc): plosmed

Title: PLoS Medicine

Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, USA )

ISSN (Print): 1549-1277

ISSN (Electronic): 1549-1676

Publication date Collection: May 2014

Publication date (Electronic): 6 May 2014

Volume: 11

Issue: 5

Electronic Location Identifier: e1001639

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, United States of America

[2 ]Global Health Policy Institute, San Diego, California, United States of America

[3 ]Joint Masters Program on Health Policy and Law, University of California, San Diego-California Western School of Law, San Diego, California, United States of America

[4 ]Department of Family and Preventative Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, United States of America

[5 ]Action on Smoking and Health, Washington, DC, United States of America

[6 ]The Framework Convention Alliance for Tobacco Control, Washington, DC, United States of America

Author notes

* E-mail: tmackey@ 123456ucsd.edu

LH is the Executive Director and CB is the Deputy Director for Policy of Action on Smoking and Health. LH is also affiliated with the Framework Convention Alliance for Tobacco Control. TKM, BL, and JP report no conflicts of interest associated with this manuscript.

Wrote the first draft of the manuscript: TKM BL JP LH CB. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: TKM BL JP LH CB. ICMJE criteria for authorship read and met: TKM BL JP LH CB. Agree with manuscript results and conclusions: TKM BL JP LH CB.

Article

Publisher ID: PMEDICINE-D-13-04129

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001639

PMC ID: 4011850

PubMed ID: 24800816

SO-VID: f4240f7f-c179-477b-9c8f-de40ea7ad29e

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

History

Page count

Pages: 6

Funding

TKM is the recipient of American Cancer Society Institutional Research Grant (70-002) provided through the Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego.

Call to Action: Promoting Domestic and Global Tobacco Control by Ratifying the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in the United States

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Tobacco Prevention & Cessation

Most cited references 10

The impact of cigarette pack design, descriptors, and warning labels on risk perception in the U.S.

The Minamata Convention on Mercury: attempting to address the global controversy of dental amalgam use and mercury waste disposal.

Civil society and the negotiation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.

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