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      Chemical Constituents, Pharmacologic Properties, and Clinical Applications of Bletilla striata

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          Abstract

          Bletilla striata is a plant from the Orchidaceae family that has been employed as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for thousands of years in China. Here, we briefly review the published studies of the last 30 years that were related to chemical constituents, pharmacologic activities, and clinical applications of B. striata. Approximately 158 compounds have been extracted from B. striata tubers with clarified molecular structures that were classified as glucosides, bibenzyls, phenanthrenes, quinones, biphenanthrenes, dihydrophenanthrenes, anthocyanins, steroids, triterpenoids, and phenolic acids. These chemicals support the pharmacological properties of hemostasis and wound healing, and also exhibit anti-oxidation, anti-cancer, anti-viral, and anti-bacterial activities. Additionally, various clinical trials conducted on B. striata have demonstrated its marked activities as an embolizing and mucosa-protective agent, and its application for use in novel biomaterials, quality control, and toxicology. It also has been widely used as a constituent of many preparations in TCM formulations, but because there are insufficient studies on its clinical properties, its efficacy and safety cannot be established from a scientific point of view. We hope that this review will provide reference for further research and development of this unique plant.

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          Most cited references115

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          Bioactivity of phenolic acids: metabolites versus parent compounds: a review.

          Phenolic acids are present in our diet in different foods, for example mushrooms. Due to their bioactive properties, phenolic acids are extensively studied and there is evidence of their role in disease prevention. Nevertheless, in vivo, these compounds are metabolized and circulate in the organism as glucuronated, sulphated and methylated metabolites, displaying higher or lower bioactivities. To clarify the importance of the metabolism of phenolic acids, knowledge about the bioactivity of metabolites is extremely important. In this review, chemical features, biosynthesis and bioavailability of phenolic acids are discussed, as well as the chemical and enzymatic synthesis of their metabolites. Finally, metabolite bioactive properties are compared with that of the corresponding parental compounds.
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            Functional properties of anthocyanins and betalains in plants, food, and in human nutrition

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              Mice lacking Smad3 show accelerated wound healing and an impaired local inflammatory response.

              The generation of animals lacking SMAD proteins, which transduce signals from transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), has made it possible to explore the contribution of the SMAD proteins to TGF-beta activity in vivo. Here we report that, in contrast to predictions made on the basis of the ability of exogenous TGF-beta to improve wound healing, Smad3-null (Smad3ex8/ex8) mice paradoxically show accelerated cutaneous wound healing compared with wild-type mice, characterized by an increased rate of re-epithelialization and significantly reduced local infiltration of monocytes. Smad3ex8/ex8 keratinocytes show altered patterns of growth and migration, and Smad3ex8/ex8 monocytes exhibit a selectively blunted chemotactic response to TGF-beta. These data are, to our knowledge, the first to implicate Smad3 in specific pathways of tissue repair and in the modulation of keratinocyte and monocyte function in vivo.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Pharmacol
                Front Pharmacol
                Front. Pharmacol.
                Frontiers in Pharmacology
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1663-9812
                01 November 2019
                2019
                : 10
                : 1168
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi, China
                [2] 2Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi, China
                Author notes

                Edited by: Min Ye, Peking University, China

                Reviewed by: Zhishan Ding, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China; Shuai Ji, Xuzhou Medical University, China

                *Correspondence: Jishuang Chen, biochenjs@ 123456njtech.edu.cn

                This article was submitted to Ethnopharmacology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Pharmacology

                †These authors have contributed equally to this work

                Article
                10.3389/fphar.2019.01168
                6838137
                31736742
                f4463d5b-4e5e-41d3-b401-6d37eab94869
                Copyright © 2019 Xu, Pan and Chen

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 16 April 2019
                : 11 September 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 11, Tables: 3, Equations: 0, References: 122, Pages: 19, Words: 7750
                Funding
                Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China 10.13039/501100001809
                Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China 10.13039/501100001809
                Categories
                Pharmacology
                Review

                Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                bletilla striata,chemical constituents,pharmacological activities,clinical application,quality control,toxicology

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