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      The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Australian hospital-based nursing and midwifery educators

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          Abstract

          Background

          : The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted health services and their staff, including nursing and midwifery educators. Nursing and midwifery educators were tasked with meeting nurses’ and midwives’ rapidly-changing educational requirements, and supporting the nursing and midwifery workforce through the pandemic. Thus, nursing and midwifery educators were pivotal to the pandemic response.

          Aim

          : To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nursing and midwifery educators across four large, multi-site Australian health services.

          Methods

          : Qualitative descriptive study. All nursing and midwifery educators from public health services in Melbourne, Victoria (n=3) and Adelaide, South Australia (n=1) were invited to participate in a semi-structured interview (July – November 2020). Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed thematically.

          Findings

          : Forty-six nursing and midwifery educators participated in interviews. Across the health services, two similar themes and six sub-themes were identified. In the first theme, ‘Occupational impacts of COVID-19’, participants described adjusting to providing education during the pandemic, managing increased workloads, concerns about not being able to carry out their usual education activities and the importance of support at work. The second theme, ‘Psychological impacts of COVID-19’, included two sub-themes: the negative impact on participants’ own mental health and difficulties supporting the mental health of other staff members. Participants from all health services identified unexpected positive impacts; online education, virtual meetings and working at home were perceived as practices to be continued post-pandemic.

          Conclusions

          : Hospital-based nursing and midwifery educators demonstrated agility in adjusting to the fast-changing requirements of providing education during the pandemic. Educators would benefit from continued occupational and psychosocial support during the COVID-19 pandemic, and inclusion in discussions to inform hospitals’ preparedness for managing the education of nurses and midwives during future pandemics.

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          Most cited references26

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          Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups.

          Qualitative research explores complex phenomena encountered by clinicians, health care providers, policy makers and consumers. Although partial checklists are available, no consolidated reporting framework exists for any type of qualitative design. To develop a checklist for explicit and comprehensive reporting of qualitative studies (in depth interviews and focus groups). We performed a comprehensive search in Cochrane and Campbell Protocols, Medline, CINAHL, systematic reviews of qualitative studies, author or reviewer guidelines of major medical journals and reference lists of relevant publications for existing checklists used to assess qualitative studies. Seventy-six items from 22 checklists were compiled into a comprehensive list. All items were grouped into three domains: (i) research team and reflexivity, (ii) study design and (iii) data analysis and reporting. Duplicate items and those that were ambiguous, too broadly defined and impractical to assess were removed. Items most frequently included in the checklists related to sampling method, setting for data collection, method of data collection, respondent validation of findings, method of recording data, description of the derivation of themes and inclusion of supporting quotations. We grouped all items into three domains: (i) research team and reflexivity, (ii) study design and (iii) data analysis and reporting. The criteria included in COREQ, a 32-item checklist, can help researchers to report important aspects of the research team, study methods, context of the study, findings, analysis and interpretations.
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            Sample Size in Qualitative Interview Studies: Guided by Information Power

            Sample sizes must be ascertained in qualitative studies like in quantitative studies but not by the same means. The prevailing concept for sample size in qualitative studies is "saturation." Saturation is closely tied to a specific methodology, and the term is inconsistently applied. We propose the concept "information power" to guide adequate sample size for qualitative studies. Information power indicates that the more information the sample holds, relevant for the actual study, the lower amount of participants is needed. We suggest that the size of a sample with sufficient information power depends on (a) the aim of the study, (b) sample specificity, (c) use of established theory, (d) quality of dialogue, and (e) analysis strategy. We present a model where these elements of information and their relevant dimensions are related to information power. Application of this model in the planning and during data collection of a qualitative study is discussed.
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              COVID-19 pandemic and mental health consequences: systematic review of the current evidence

              Highlights • COVID-19 patients displayed high levels of PTSS and increased levels of depression. • Patients with preexisting psychiatric disorders reported worsening of psychiatric symptoms. • Higher levels of psychiatric symptoms were found among health care workers. • A decrease in psychological well-being was observed in the general public. • However, well conducted large-scale studies are highly needed.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Analysis
                Role: Analysis
                Journal
                Collegian
                Collegian
                Collegian (Royal College of Nursing, Australia)
                Australian College of Nursing Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
                1322-7696
                1876-7575
                30 October 2021
                30 October 2021
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Nursing and Midwifery, The Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research in the Institute for Health Transformation, School of Nursing and Midwifery, The Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research in the Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap St, Geelong VIC 3220, Australia
                [2 ]Nursing & Midwifery, Western Health, Furlong Road, St Albans VIC 3021, Australia
                [3 ]Nursing & Midwifery, Eastern Health, 5 Arnold Street, Box Hill VIC 3128, Australia
                [4 ]Nursing & Midwifery, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
                [5 ]Nursing Education, Central Adelaide Local Health Network and Adelaide Nursing School, University of Adelaide, 1 Port Road, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
                [6 ]Education & Learning, Western Health, Furlong Road, St Albans VIC 3021, Australia
                [7 ]Nursing & Midwifery, Victoria University, Footscray Park Campus, PO BOX 14428,Melbourne Vic 8001, Australia
                [8 ]Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
                [9 ]Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark and Steno Diabetes Centre, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
                Author notes
                [* ] Corresponding author: Karen Wynter, School of Nursing and Midwifery, The Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research in the Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap St, Geelong VIC 3220, Australia
                Article
                S1322-7696(21)00133-5
                10.1016/j.colegn.2021.10.007
                8556584
                34744480
                f45800e3-c6f8-4711-9563-43c10913cd5f
                © 2021 Australian College of Nursing Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

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                education, midwifery, nursing,qualitative research,covid-19

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