Alexis Kafando: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole:
MethodologyRole: SoftwareRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing
– review & editing
Eric Fournier: Role: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: SoftwareRole: Writing
– original draft
Bouchra Serhir: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole:
ValidationRole: Writing – original draft
Christine Martineau: Role: ConceptualizationRole: MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: Writing
– original draft
Florence Doualla-Bell: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: Project administrationRole:
SupervisionRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Mohamed Ndongo Sangaré: Role: SoftwareRole: Writing – original draft
Mohamed Sylla: Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – original
draft
Annie Chamberland: Role: Data curationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – original draft
Mohamed El-Far: Role: ConceptualizationRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: Visualization
Hugues Charest: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole:
ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review
& editing
Cécile L. Tremblay:
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3440-3436
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole:
ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review
& editing
Fabrizio Mammano: Role: Editor
Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS ONE
Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
Journal ID (pmc): plosone
Title:
PLoS ONE
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
(San Francisco, CA USA
)
ISSN
(Electronic):
1932-6203
Publication date
(Electronic):
28
December
2017
Publication date Collection: 2017
Volume: 12
Issue: 12
Electronic Location Identifier: e0189999
Affiliations
[1
]
Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université
de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
[2
]
Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec,
Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
[3
]
Department of medicine, division of experimental medicine, McGill University, Montreal,
Québec, Canada
[4
]
Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de santé publique, université
de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
[5
]
Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec,
Canada
Author notes
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author information
Article
Publisher ID:
PONE-D-17-28762
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189999
PMC ID: 5746209
PubMed ID: 29284009
SO-VID: f45ca552-12b8-40c9-8e9d-84610f5fb21e
Copyright © © 2017 Kafando et al
License:
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided
the original author and source are credited.
Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003971, Islamic Development Bank;
Award ID: 600014438
Award Recipient
:
Alexis Kafando
Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100005242, Université de Montréal;
Award Recipient
:
Alexis Kafando
Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000156, Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Santé;
Award Recipient
:
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3440-3436
Cécile L. Tremblay
Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000156, Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Santé;
Award Recipient
:
Alexis Kafando
Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000156, Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Santé;
Award Recipient
:
Bouchra Serhir
Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000156, Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Santé;
Award Recipient
:
Hugues Charest
Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100008762, Genome Canada;
Award Recipient
:
Hugues Charest
Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100008762, Genome Canada;
Award Recipient
:
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3440-3436
Cécile L. Tremblay
This study was supported by the Islamic Development Bank, the Fonds de la Recherche
Québec-Santé (FRQ-S): Réseau SIDA/Maladies infectieuses, Québec, Canada, and the Genome
Canada Grant. Alexis Kafando, PhD student, is beneficiary of: 1- Islamic Development
Bank Merit Scholarship Programme For High Technology For 3 Year Ph. D (2013-2016),
ID: 600014438, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 2- Bourse d’exemption des droits de scolarité
supplémentaires pour étudiants étrangers of Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec,
Canada; 3- Bourse de fin d’études doctorales of Faculté des Etudes Supérieures et
Postdoctorales (FESP) of Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; and 4-Bourse
d’étude of Dre Tremblay’s laboratory at the Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de
Montréal (FRQS RÉSEAU SIDA), Québec, Canada.
Subject:
Research Article
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Microbiology
Subject:
Medical Microbiology
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
HIV-1
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Subject:
Pathogens
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
HIV-1
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
HIV-1
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
HIV-1
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
RNA viruses
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
HIV-1
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Microbiology
Subject:
Medical Microbiology
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
HIV-1
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Subject:
Pathogens
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
HIV-1
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
HIV-1
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Ecology
Subject:
Ecological Metrics
Subject:
Species Diversity
Subject:
Shannon Index
Subject:
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Subject:
Ecology
Subject:
Ecological Metrics
Subject:
Species Diversity
Subject:
Shannon Index
Subject:
Research and Analysis Methods
Subject:
Database and Informatics Methods
Subject:
Bioinformatics
Subject:
Sequence Analysis
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Genetics
Subject:
Heredity
Subject:
Genetic Mapping
Subject:
Haplotypes
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Molecular biology
Subject:
Molecular biology techniques
Subject:
Sequencing techniques
Subject:
DNA sequencing
Subject:
Next-Generation Sequencing
Subject:
Research and analysis methods
Subject:
Molecular biology techniques
Subject:
Sequencing techniques
Subject:
DNA sequencing
Subject:
Next-Generation Sequencing
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Computational Biology
Subject:
Genome Analysis
Subject:
Transcriptome Analysis
Subject:
Next-Generation Sequencing
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Genetics
Subject:
Genomics
Subject:
Genome Analysis
Subject:
Transcriptome Analysis
Subject:
Next-Generation Sequencing
Subject:
Physical Sciences
Subject:
Mathematics
Subject:
Probability Theory
Subject:
Statistical Distributions
Subject:
Distribution Curves
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Microbiology
Subject:
Medical Microbiology
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Subject:
Pathogens
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
RNA viruses
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Microbiology
Subject:
Medical Microbiology
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Subject:
Pathogens
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Research and analysis methods
Subject:
Database and informatics methods
Subject:
Bioinformatics
Subject:
Sequence analysis
Subject:
DNA sequence analysis