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      The role of oxidative stress and effect of alpha-lipoic acid in reexpansion pulmonary edema – an experimental study

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          We investigated the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of reexpansion pulmonary edema (RPE) and effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in the prevention of RPE.

          Material and methods

          There were 4 groups consisting of 10 rats in each group; control group (CG), α-lipoic acid group (ALAG), reexpansion pulmonary edema group (RPEG), reexpansion pulmonary edema plus α-lipoic acid group (RPE + ALAG). In all the groups, all rats were sacrificed 2 hours after the reexpansion of lungs. To indicate oxidative stress malondialdehyde (MDA), and to indicate antioxidant status superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxides (GPx) were measured in the lungs of rats.

          Results

          Mean MDA value was lower in CG (7.02 ±0.14) and in ALAG (6.95 ±0.11) than the other groups ( p = 0.001). It was highest in RPEG (8.89 ±0.21) ( p = 0.001). It was lower in RPE + ALA G (7.21 ±0.32) than RPEG ( p = 0.001). Antioxidant levels: GPx (37.21 ±3.01), CAT (2.87 ±0.14) and SOD (100.12 ±12.39) were lowest in RPEG among all groups ( p = 0.001). These values were GPx (45.21 ±3.54), CAT (3.24 ±0.21) and SOD (172.36 ±15.48) in RPE + ALA G and were greater than those of RPEG ( p = 0.001). While normal pulmonary parenchyma was seen in 2 rats in RPE + ALAG, it was not seen in RPEG. Pulmonary edema was seen in 1 rat in RPE + ALAG; however, it was seen in 3 in RPEG.

          Conclusions

          Oxidative stress might have an important role in the pathogenesis of RPE. In addition, ALA treatment might contribute in preventing RPE.

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          Most cited references20

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          Oxidative stress and acute lung injury.

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            Oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Oxidative Stress Study Group.

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              Antioxidant and prooxidant activities of alpha-lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid.

              Reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen oxide (RNOS) species are produced as by-products of oxidative metabolism. A major function for ROS and RNOS is immunological host defense. Recent evidence indicate that ROS and RNOS may also function as signaling molecules. However, high levels of ROS and RNOS have been considered to potentially damage cellular macromolecules and have been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of various chronic diseases. alpha-Lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid exhibit direct free radical scavenging properties and as a redox couple, with a low redox potential of -0.32 V, is a strong reductant. Several studies provided evidence that alpha-lipoic acid supplementation decreases oxidative stress and restores reduced levels of other antioxidants in vivo. However, there is also evidence indicating that alpha-lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid may exert prooxidant properties in vitro. alpha-Lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid were shown to promote the mitochondrial permeability transition in permeabilized hepatocytes and isolated rat liver mitochondria. Dihydrolipoic acid also stimulated superoxide anion production in rat liver mitochondria and submitochondrial particles. alpha-Lipoic acid was recently shown to stimulate glucose uptake into 3T3-L1 adipocytes by increasing intracellular oxidant levels and/or facilitating insulin receptor autophosphorylation presumably by oxidation of critical thiol groups present in the insulin receptor beta-subunit. Whether alpha-lipoic acid and/or dihydrolipoic acid-induced oxidative protein modifications contribute to their versatile effects observed in vivo warrants further investigation.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Arch Med Sci
                AMS
                Archives of Medical Science : AMS
                Termedia Publishing House
                1734-1922
                1896-9151
                December 2010
                29 December 2010
                : 6
                : 6
                : 848-853
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
                [2 ]Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
                [3 ]Department of Pathology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
                [4 ]Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Seyfettin Gumus, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik 06018 Ankara, Turkey. E-mail: seyfettingumus@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                AMS-6-6-848
                10.5114/aoms.2010.19290
                3302694
                22427756
                f4634f70-2372-47a0-ad1d-9714de547e57
                Copyright © 2010 Termedia & Banach

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License, permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 2 October 2009
                : 30 November 2009
                : 2 February 2010
                Categories
                Basic Research

                Medicine
                edema,alpha-lipoic acid,reexpansion,lung,oxidative stress
                Medicine
                edema, alpha-lipoic acid, reexpansion, lung, oxidative stress

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