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      Evaluation of the efficacy of a new hyaluronic acid gel on dynamic and static wrinkles in volunteers with moderate aging/photoaging

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          Abstract

          Purpose

          Aim of the study was to determine both clinically and by noninvasive instrumental evaluations the efficacy, tolerability and the duration of the effects of a new hyaluronic acid (HA) gel in human volunteers with moderate aging/photoaging.

          Patients and methods

          Eighteen volunteers (35–55 years) were enrolled in this single-center study. The subjects underwent five visits. The first visit was at baseline to determine the adherence to the inclusion criteria, followed by the first injection of the HA-based study product, and the second visit was at 48 hours after the injection. Two months later, a second injection was given (Visit 3) followed by a subsequent visit (Visit 4) after 48 hours. The last visit (Visit 5) was performed 5 months after the first injection. Clinical and instrumental evaluations as well as self-assessment by the subjects were recorded at each visit.

          Results

          A significant improvement of wrinkles’ grade around the eyes, vertical lip lines and wrinkles’ severity of nasolabial folds was recorded after the first injection and the effect increased after the second injection. Aging/photoaging grade and surface microrelief improved 2 months after the first injection procedure. These clinical improvements were paralleled by amelioration of instrumental skin profilometry and optical colorimetry. The treatments were very well tolerated by the volunteers as determined by the self-grading score.

          Conclusion

          The results confirm the good esthetic performance and the duration of the effect of the HA-based study product (Viscoderm ® Hydrobooster) on dynamic facial wrinkles and/or static facial lines. These effects were particularly evident after the second injection and were accompanied by a good tolerability of the product.

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          Most cited references19

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          Molecular and physiological manifestations and measurement of aging in humans

          Summary Biological aging is associated with a reduction in the reparative and regenerative potential in tissues and organs. This reduction manifests as a decreased physiological reserve in response to stress (termed homeostenosis) and a time‐dependent failure of complex molecular mechanisms that cumulatively create disorder. Aging inevitably occurs with time in all organisms and emerges on a molecular, cellular, organ, and organismal level with genetic, epigenetic, and environmental modulators. Individuals with the same chronological age exhibit differential trajectories of age‐related decline, and it follows that we should assess biological age distinctly from chronological age. In this review, we outline mechanisms of aging with attention to well‐described molecular and cellular hallmarks and discuss physiological changes of aging at the organ‐system level. We suggest methods to measure aging with attention to both molecular biology (e.g., telomere length and epigenetic marks) and physiological function (e.g., lung function and echocardiographic measurements). Finally, we propose a framework to integrate these molecular and physiological data into a composite score that measures biological aging in humans. Understanding the molecular and physiological phenomena that drive the complex and multifactorial processes underlying the variable pace of biological aging in humans will inform how researchers assess and investigate health and disease over the life course. This composite biological age score could be of use to researchers seeking to characterize normal, accelerated, and exceptionally successful aging as well as to assess the effect of interventions aimed at modulating human aging.
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            Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Skin Aging: The Role of DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress in Epidermal Stem Cell Damage Mediated Skin Aging

            Skin is the largest human organ. Skin continually reconstructs itself to ensure its viability, integrity, and ability to provide protection for the body. Some areas of skin are continuously exposed to a variety of environmental stressors that can inflict direct and indirect damage to skin cell DNA. Skin homeostasis is maintained by mesenchymal stem cells in inner layer dermis and epidermal stem cells (ESCs) in the outer layer epidermis. Reduction of skin stem cell number and function has been linked to impaired skin homeostasis (e.g., skin premature aging and skin cancers). Skin stem cells, with self-renewal capability and multipotency, are frequently affected by environment. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR), a major cause of stem cell DNA damage, can contribute to depletion of stem cells (ESCs and mesenchymal stem cells) and damage of stem cell niche, eventually leading to photoinduced skin aging. In this review, we discuss the role of UV-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress in the skin stem cell aging in order to gain insights into the pathogenesis and develop a way to reduce photoaging of skin cells.
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              Effects of air pollution on the skin: A review.

              The increase in air pollution over the years has had major effects on the human skin. Various air pollutants such as ultraviolet radiation, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, oxides, particulate matter, ozone and cigarette smoke affect the skin as it is the outermost barrier. Air pollutants damage the skin by inducing oxidative stress. Although human skin acts as a biological shield against pro-oxidative chemicals and physical air pollutants, prolonged or repetitive exposure to high levels of these pollutants may have profound negative effects on the skin. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation has been associated with extrinsic skin aging and skin cancers. Cigarette smoke contributes to premature aging and an increase in the incidence of psoriasis, acne and skin cancers. It is also implicated in allergic skin conditions such as atopic dermatitis and eczema. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons are associated with extrinsic skin aging, pigmentation, cancers and acneiform eruptions. Volatile organic compounds have been associated with atopic dermatitis. Given the increasing levels of air pollution and its detrimental effects on the skin, it is advisable to use strategies to decrease air pollution.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol
                Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol
                Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology
                Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology
                Dove Medical Press
                1178-7015
                2019
                17 January 2019
                : 12
                : 81-90
                Affiliations
                [1 ]DERMING S.r.l., Clinical Research and Bioengineering Institute, Milan, Italy, adele.sparavigna@ 123456derming.com
                [2 ]Research and Development, IBSA Farmaceutici Italia, Lodi, Italy
                [3 ]Dermoaesthetic Business Unit, IBSA Farmaceutici Italia, Lodi, Italy
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Adele Sparavigna, DERMING S.r.l., Clinical Research and Bioengineering Institute, Via Valassina 24, Milano (MI), Italy, Tel +39 2 2318 3475, Email adele.sparavigna@ 123456derming.com
                Article
                ccid-12-081
                10.2147/CCID.S191935
                6340359
                f46890c0-4b00-4c6c-bead-6b3c9f9534b8
                © 2019 Sparavigna et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

                The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

                History
                Categories
                Original Research

                Dermatology
                wrinkles,facial aging,clinical assessment,instrumental assessment
                Dermatology
                wrinkles, facial aging, clinical assessment, instrumental assessment

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