Effects of Classroom Animal-Assisted Activities on Social Functioning in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Abstract

The objective of this study was to implement and evaluate a classroom-based Animal-Assisted Activities (AAA) program on social functioning in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

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Most cited references 25

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Combining effect size estimates in meta-analysis with repeated measures and independent-groups designs.

Heather DeShon, A.-B. Morris (2002)

When a meta-analysis on results from experimental studies is conducted, differences in the study design must be taken into consideration. A method for combining results across independent-groups and repeated measures designs is described, and the conditions under which such an analysis is appropriate are discussed. Combining results across designs requires that (a) all effect sizes be transformed into a common metric, (b) effect sizes from each design estimate the same treatment effect, and (c) meta-analysis procedures use design-specific estimates of sampling variance to reflect the precision of the effect size estimates.

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Friends with benefits: on the positive consequences of pet ownership.

Ellen E. Martin, Laura E Stayton, Joseph McConnell … (2011)

Social support is critical for psychological and physical well-being, reflecting the centrality of belongingness in our lives. Human interactions often provide people with considerable social support, but can pets also fulfill one's social needs? Although there is correlational evidence that pets may help individuals facing significant life stressors, little is known about the well-being benefits of pets for everyday people. Study 1 found in a community sample that pet owners fared better on several well-being (e.g., greater self-esteem, more exercise) and individual-difference (e.g., greater conscientiousness, less fearful attachment) measures. Study 2 assessed a different community sample and found that owners enjoyed better well-being when their pets fulfilled social needs better, and the support that pets provided complemented rather than competed with human sources. Finally, Study 3 brought pet owners into the laboratory and experimentally demonstrated the ability of pets to stave off negativity caused by social rejection. In summary, pets can serve as important sources of social support, providing many positive psychological and physical benefits for their owners.

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Dogs as catalysts for social interactions: Robustness of the effect

June McNicholas, Glyn M. Collis (2000)

It is known that pet dogs can act as catalysts for human social interactions, and it has been suggested that this may enhance feelings of well-being. Two studies were carried out to establish the robustness of this effect. In Study 1, a highly trained dog was used to ensure that the dog itself did not solicit attention from passers-by, and data were collected across a range of normal daily activities in which a dog could be included, not confined to conventional dog walking areas as in previous studies. Being accompanied by a dog increased the frequency of social interactions, especially interactions with strangers. In Study 2, also using a trained dog, a different (male) participant observer was dressed either smartly or scruffily. Although there were significantly more interactions when he was smartly dressed, the greatest effect was between the Dog present and No Dog conditions irrespective of the handler's dress. It is concluded that the social catalysis effect is very robust, which opens the way for investigating possible consequences of the effect for well-being and health.

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Author and article information

Journal

Title: The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

Abbreviated Title: The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc

ISSN (Print): 1075-5535

ISSN (Electronic): 1557-7708

Publication date Created: March 2014

Publication date (Print): March 2014

Volume: 20

Issue: 3

Pages: 162-168

Affiliations

[1 ]The University of Queensland, School of Psychology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

[2 ]The University of Queensland, School of Population Health, Herston, Queensland, Australia.

[3 ]The WALTHAM® Centre for Pet Nutrition, Leicester, United Kingdom.

Article

DOI: 10.1089/acm.2013.0165

PubMed ID: 24156772

SO-VID: f497c09e-d587-4f99-93dc-cd28096e259b

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Effects of Classroom Animal-Assisted Activities on Social Functioning in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Abstract

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Most cited references 25

Combining effect size estimates in meta-analysis with repeated measures and independent-groups designs.

Friends with benefits: on the positive consequences of pet ownership.

Dogs as catalysts for social interactions: Robustness of the effect

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