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      Recent Developments in Food Packaging Based on Nanomaterials

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          Abstract

          The increasing demand for high food quality and safety, and concerns of environment sustainable development have been encouraging researchers in the food industry to exploit the robust and green biodegradable nanocomposites, which provide new opportunities and challenges for the development of nanomaterials in the food industry. This review paper aims at summarizing the recent three years of research findings on the new development of nanomaterials for food packaging. Two categories of nanomaterials (i.e., inorganic and organic) are included. The synthetic methods, physical and chemical properties, biological activity, and applications in food systems and safety assessments of each nanomaterial are presented. This review also highlights the possible mechanisms of antimicrobial activity against bacteria of certain active nanomaterials and their health concerns. It concludes with an outlook of the nanomaterials functionalized in food packaging.

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          Bionanocomposites materials for food packaging applications: Concepts and future outlook

          Bionanocomposites materials open a chance for the usage of novel, high performance, lightweight, and ecofriendly composite materials making them take place the traditional non-biodegradable plastic packaging materials. Biopolymers like polysaccharides such as chitosan (CS), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), starch and cellophane could be used to resolve environmental hazards owing to their biodegradability and non-toxicity. In addition these advantages, polysaccharides have some disadvantages for example poor mechanical properties and low resistance to water. Therefore, nanomaterials are used to improve the thermal, mechanical and gas barrier properties without hindering their biodegradable and non-toxic characters. Furthermore, the most favorable nanomaterials are layered silicate nanoclays for example montmorillonite (MMT) and kaolinite, zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs), titanium dioxide (TiO2-NPs), and silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). In packaging application, the improvement of barrier properties of prepared films against oxygen, carbon dioxide, flavor compounds diffusion through the packaging films. Wide varieties of nanomaterials are suitable to offer smart and/or intelligent properties for food packaging materials, as demonstrated by oxygen scavenging capability, antimicrobial activity, and sign of the level of exposure to various harmful features for instance oxygen levels or insufficient temperatures. The compatibility between nanomaterials and polymers matrix consider the most challenge for the preparation of bionanocomposites as well as getting whole distribution of nanoparticles into the polymer matrix. We keen in this review the development of packaging materials performance and their mechanical, degradability and thermal stability as well as antibacterial activity for utilization of bionanocomposites in different packaging application is considered.
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            Environmental performance of bio-based and biodegradable plastics: the road ahead

            This review provides a critical discussion as to the future direction of plastic materials, including balancing factors such as biodegradability and longevity, effects of additive compounds, feedstock developments, and environmental considerations. Future plastic materials will be very different from those that are used today. The increasing importance of sustainability promotes the development of bio-based and biodegradable polymers, sometimes misleadingly referred to as ‘bioplastics’. Because both terms imply “green” sources and “clean” removal, this paper aims at critically discussing the sometimes-conflicting terminology as well as renewable sources with a special focus on the degradation of these polymers in natural environments. With regard to the former we review innovations in feedstock development ( e.g. microalgae and food wastes). In terms of the latter, we highlight the effects that polymer structure, additives, and environmental variables have on plastic biodegradability. We argue that the ‘biodegradable’ end-product does not necessarily degrade once emitted to the environment because chemical additives used to make them fit for purpose will increase the longevity. In the future, this trend may continue as the plastics industry also is expected to be a major user of nanocomposites. Overall, there is a need to assess the performance of polymer innovations in terms of their biodegradability especially under realistic waste management and environmental conditions, to avoid the unwanted release of plastic degradation products in receiving environments.
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              Food Packaging: A Comprehensive Review and Future Trends

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Nanomaterials (Basel)
                Nanomaterials (Basel)
                nanomaterials
                Nanomaterials
                MDPI
                2079-4991
                13 October 2018
                October 2018
                : 8
                : 10
                : 830
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610039, China; huangyukun@ 123456mail.xhu.edu.cn (Y.H.); chen_xianggui@ 123456mail.xhu.edu.cn (X.C.)
                [2 ]Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA; leimei@ 123456umd.edu
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: wangqin@ 123456umd.edu ; Tel.: +1-301-405-8421
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7496-3921
                Article
                nanomaterials-08-00830
                10.3390/nano8100830
                6215134
                30322162
                f4b9f48b-3c9d-4c8d-8298-057a85458023
                © 2018 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 31 August 2018
                : 08 October 2018
                Categories
                Review

                nanomaterials,food packaging,inorganic nanoparticles,organic biopolymer composites,synthesis,activity,application,safety assessment,mechanisms

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