La comunicación científica en América Latina es abierta, colaborativa y no comercial. Desafíos para las revistas

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Abstract

Resumen América Latina, en donde la investigación y la difusión de los resultados se financian principalmente con fondos públicos, es la región del mundo con mayor adopción del sistema de acceso abierto a los contenidos en revistas científicas. Se destacan iniciativas regionales surgidas en el ámbito académico tales como Latindex, SciELO y Redalyc, que se complementan con portales nacionales e institucionales de revistas de acceso abierto, todas ellas iniciativas colaborativas sin fines comerciales. En base a la experiencia de CLACSO en la región y a su participación en los debates internacionales sobre el futuro de las comunicaciones científicas, en este artículo se comparten reflexiones sobre algunos de los desafíos que se plantean a este modelo colaborativo de acceso abierto en América Latina. Por ejemplo: los nuevos requerimientos que surgen desde la ciencia abierta, la necesidad de contar con indicadores de acceso abierto para que los procesos de evaluación puedan valorar esa producción publicada en revistas de la región y la urgencia de fortalecer la gestión regional colaborativa del acceso abierto y sus indicadores, sin fines comerciales.

Translated abstract

Abstract Latin America, where research and journals that publish research results, are both activities that are mainly publicly-funded, is the region of the world with the greatest adoption of open access, to scientific journals, highlighting scholarly-led regional initiatives such as Latindex, SciELO, Redalyc, which are complemented by national and institutional open access journal portals, all collaborative non-commercial initiatives. In this article, and based on CLACSO's experience in the region and its participation in international debates on the future of open access scholarly communications, views are shared on some of the challenges that this collaborative open access model poses to journals published in countries of Latin America. As is the case of open science requirements for journals, the need to have open access indicators so that evaluation processes can assess the contributions from research output published in journals within the region, and the urgency to strengthen collaborative non-commercial models to manage open access and its indicators.

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Is Open Access

The Oligopoly of Academic Publishers in the Digital Era

Vincent Larivière, Stefanie Haustein, Philippe Mongeon (2015)

The consolidation of the scientific publishing industry has been the topic of much debate within and outside the scientific community, especially in relation to major publishers’ high profit margins. However, the share of scientific output published in the journals of these major publishers, as well as its evolution over time and across various disciplines, has not yet been analyzed. This paper provides such analysis, based on 45 million documents indexed in the Web of Science over the period 1973-2013. It shows that in both natural and medical sciences (NMS) and social sciences and humanities (SSH), Reed-Elsevier, Wiley-Blackwell, Springer, and Taylor & Francis increased their share of the published output, especially since the advent of the digital era (mid-1990s). Combined, the top five most prolific publishers account for more than 50% of all papers published in 2013. Disciplines of the social sciences have the highest level of concentration (70% of papers from the top five publishers), while the humanities have remained relatively independent (20% from top five publishers). NMS disciplines are in between, mainly because of the strength of their scientific societies, such as the ACS in chemistry or APS in physics. The paper also examines the migration of journals between small and big publishing houses and explores the effect of publisher change on citation impact. It concludes with a discussion on the economics of scholarly publishing.