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      Daily sedentary time and physical activity as assessed by accelerometry and their correlates in older adults

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          Abstract

          Background

          Higher physical activity is associated with lower chronic disease risk among older adults. However, less is known about the optimal balance between daily physical activity and sedentary time and their correlates among older adults. We described objectively measured physical activity patterns using 7 day hip-accelerometry and assessed its correlates in a large cross-sectional sample of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, a population-based cohort of older Dutch adults. In addition, we examined different combined profiles of sedentary time and physical activity across strata of sex, age, education and BMI groups.

          Results

          Mean age was 71 (SD 8) years and 51% ( n = 615) were women. The majority of wear time was spent sedentary (65%) followed by light (33%), and MVPA (2%). Higher age and higher BMI were related to more time spent sedentary, while female sex and lower education were related lower sedentary time. The combination of high sedentary time (≥65.4% of waking time) and low physical activity (< 9.1% of waking time) was significantly associated with higher age, higher BMI, and slower walking speed compared to the combination of low sedentary time and high physical activity P < 0.001.

          Conclusions

          Dutch older adults spend on average 65% of their waking time sedentary. Older adults’ sedentary time differs by age, sex, education and BMI groups. The combination of high sedentary time and low physical was associated with higher age, higher BMI, and slower walking speed compared to the combination of low sedentary time and high MVPA. This suggests that increasing light activity might be an effective and feasible strategy in older persons to reduce sedentary time. Future studies should assess whether low- sedentary and high-light physical activity are associated with improved long-term health outcomes (also independent of MVPA).

          Electronic supplementary material

          The online version of this article (10.1186/s11556-019-0210-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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          Comparison of the LASA Physical Activity Questionnaire with a 7-day diary and pedometer.

          Vianda Stel, Johannes Smit, Saskia M F Pluijm … (2004)
          First, to validate the LASA Physical Activity Questionnaire (LAPAQ) by a 7-day diary and a pedometer in older persons. Second, to assess the repeatability of the LAPAQ. Third, to compare the feasibility of these methods. The study was performed in a subsample (n=439, aged 69-92 years) of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA). The LAPAQ was completed twice (1998/1999, 1999/2000). Respondents completed a 7-day activity diary and wore a pedometer for 7 days (1999/2000). The LAPAQ was highly correlated with the 7-day diary (r=0.68, P<.001), and moderately with the pedometer (r=0.56, P<.001). The repeatability of the LAPAQ was reasonably good (weighted kappa: 0.65-0.75). The LAPAQ was completed in 5.7+/-2.7 min, and 0.5% of the respondents had missing values. The LAPAQ appears to be a valid and reliable instrument for classifying physical activity in older people. The LAPAQ was easier to use than the 7-day diary and pedometer.
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            Health Benefits of Light-Intensity Physical Activity: A Systematic Review of Accelerometer Data of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

            Eszter Füzéki, Tobias Engeroff, Winfried Banzer (2017)
            The health effects of light-intensity physical activity (PA) are not well known today.
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              Associations of Objectively Assessed Physical Activity and Sedentary Time with All-Cause Mortality in US Adults: The NHANES Study

              Daniela Schmid, Cristian Ricci, Michael Leitzmann (2015)
              Background Sedentary behavior is related to increased mortality risk. Whether such elevated risk can be offset by enhanced physical activity has not been examined using accelerometry data. Materials and Methods We examined the relations of sedentary time and physical activity to mortality from any cause using accelerometry data among 1,677 women and men aged 50 years or older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2004 cycle with follow-up through December 31, 2006. Results During an average follow-up of 34.67 months and 4,845.42 person-years, 112 deaths occurred. In multivariate Cox proportional hazard models, greater sedentary time (≥ median of 8.60 hours/day) was associated with increased risk of mortality from any cause (relative risk (RR) = 2.03; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09-3.81). Low level of moderate to vigorous physical activity (< median of 6.60 minutes/day) was also related to enhanced all-cause mortality risk (RR = 3.30; 95% CI = 1.33-8.17). In combined analyses, greater time spent sedentary and low levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity predicted a substantially elevated all-cause mortality risk. As compared with the combination of a low sedentary level and a high level of moderate to vigorous physical activity, the risks of mortality from all causes were 4.38 (95% CI = 1.26-15.16) for low levels of both sedentary time and physical activity, 2.79 (95% CI = 0.77-10.12) for greater time spent sedentary and high physical activity level, and 7.79 (95% CI = 2.26-26.82) for greater time spent sedentary and low physical activity level. The interaction term between sedentary time and moderate to vigorous physical activity was not statistically significant (p = 0.508). Conclusions Both high levels of sedentary time and low levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity are strong and independent predictors of early death from any cause. Whether a high physical activity level removes the increased risk of all-cause mortality related to sedentariness requires further investigation.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Adriana J. van Ballegooijen: +31 20-5983291 , aj.vanballegooijen@vumc.nl
                Hidde P. van der Ploeg: hp.vanderploeg@vumc.nl
                Marjolein Visser: m.visser@vu.n
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Eur Rev Aging Phys Act
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Eur Rev Aging Phys Act
                Title: European Review of Aging and Physical Activity
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Print): 1813-7253
                ISSN (Electronic): 1861-6909
                Publication date (Electronic): 18 February 2019
                Publication date PMC-release: 18 February 2019
                Publication date Collection: 2019
                Volume: 16
                Electronic Location Identifier: 3
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0435 165X, GRID grid.16872.3a, Department of Public and Occupational Health, , Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, ; Amsterdam, the Netherlands
                Article
                Publisher ID: 210
                DOI: 10.1186/s11556-019-0210-9
                PMC ID: 6379946
                SO-VID: f527f1d5-ebbc-46e9-bf3e-4458121be0b7
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2019
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                Date received : 1 October 2018
                Date accepted : 4 February 2019
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010663, H2020 European Research Council;
                Award ID: 678732
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2019

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