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      The Role of Self-Regulation in Forgiveness: A Regulatory Model of Forgiveness

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          Abstract

          Forgiveness is an emotion regulation process that is important for both physical and mental health. Given its benefits, studying the facilitation of forgiveness is important. Researchers have already demonstrated the relationship between self-control and forgiveness. However, in this study, we aim to extend previous research by examining the regulating processes of forgiveness and the possible mediating role of emotion regulation in the relationship between self-regulatory strength and forgiveness. University students ( N = 317) in Hong Kong who were recruited to participate in this study completed an online survey. The results of this study indicated that both self-regulatory strength and emotion regulation were significant predictors of forgiveness. Interestingly, cognitive reappraisal significantly mediated the association between self-regulatory fatigue and forgiveness. This suggests a potential self-regulation mechanism that leads to a prorelationship response and provides evidence for a regulatory model of forgiveness.

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          Most cited references25

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          The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review.

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            The road to forgiveness: a meta-analytic synthesis of its situational and dispositional correlates.

            Forgiveness has received widespread attention among psychologists from social, personality, clinical, developmental, and organizational perspectives alike. Despite great progress, the forgiveness literature has witnessed few attempts at empirical integration. Toward this end, we meta-analyze results from 175 studies and 26,006 participants to examine the correlates of interpersonal forgiveness (i.e., forgiveness of a single offender by a single victim). A tripartite forgiveness typology is proposed, encompassing victims' (a) cognitions, (b) affect, and (c) constraints following offense, with each consisting of situational and dispositional components. We tested hypotheses with respect to 22 distinct constructs, as correlates of forgiveness, that have been measured across different fields within psychology. We also evaluated key sample and study characteristics, including gender, age, time, and methodology as main effects and moderators. Results highlight the multifaceted nature of forgiveness. Variables with particularly notable effects include intent (r = -.49), state empathy (r = .51), apology (r = .42), and state anger (r = -.41). Consistent with previous theory, situational constructs are shown to account for greater variance in forgiveness than victim dispositions, although within-category differences are considerable. Sample and study characteristics yielded negligible effects on forgiveness, despite previous theorizing to the contrary: The effect of gender was nonsignificant (r = .01), and the effect of age was negligible (r = .06). Preliminary evidence suggests that methodology may exhibit some moderating effects. Scenario methodologies led to enhanced effects for cognitions; recall methodologies led to enhanced effects for affect.
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              Forgiveness is an emotion-focused coping strategy that can reduce health risks and promote health resilience: theory, review, and hypotheses

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Psychol
                Front Psychol
                Front. Psychol.
                Frontiers in Psychology
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1664-1078
                26 May 2020
                2020
                : 11
                : 1084
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon, Hong Kong
                [2] 2Psychology Department, Hope College , Holland, MI, United States
                [3] 3Department of Psychology, Wuhan University , Wuhan, China
                Author notes

                Edited by: Nathaniel G. Wade, Iowa State University, United States

                Reviewed by: Haijiang Li, Shanghai Normal University, China; Paddy Ross, Durham University, United Kingdom

                *Correspondence: Man Yee Ho, my.ho@ 123456cityu.edu.hk

                This article was submitted to Emotion Science, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychology

                Article
                10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01084
                7269142
                f5451b17-308f-4fbc-8aa7-703df7890739
                Copyright © 2020 Ho, Van Tongeren and You.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 31 December 2019
                : 28 April 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 34, Pages: 7, Words: 0
                Funding
                Funded by: City University of Hong Kong 10.13039/100007567
                Categories
                Psychology
                Original Research

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                forgiveness,emotion regulation,self-regulatory strength,self-control,self-regulatory fatigue

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