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      Teste de força de preensão manual: análise metodológica e dados normativos em atletas Translated title: Test of hand grip strength: a methodological analysis and normative data in athletes

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          Abstract

          INTRODUÇÃO: Diferentes modalidades esportivas utilizam as mãos como importante seguimento corporal envolvido para o desempenho. Entre essas modalidades destacam-se judô, tênis, vela, remo, boxe, levantamento de peso e outras. A força de preensão manual é exigida nessas modalidades específicas, em que o nível de força gerado pode ser o diferencial no desempenho final. A dinamometria manual é um valioso instrumento a ser utilizado na detecção do talento esportivo, no controle do treinamento e na avaliação de recuperação de lesão. OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste estudo é fazer uma revisão sobre os principais aspectos metodológicos envolvidos na mensuração da força de preensão manual, utilizando o dinamômetro Jamar®, identificando os aspectos relacionados à validade, confiabilidade, precisão, posição para realização do teste, posição da alça, instruções, número de medidas, período de descanso entre as tentativas, duração do tempo de contração, aquecimento pré-teste. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um levantamento para compor uma base de dados de diferentes modalidades olímpicas: coletivas e individuais. Foi realizada uma pesquisa eletrônica da literatura utilizando as bases de dados MEDLINE, SciELO e LILACS, sendo utilizados os seguintes descritores: força de preensão manual, dinamometria manual e, em inglês, hand, grip, strength, dynamometer, Jamar, norms e reference values. CONCLUSÃO: Os valores de força de preensão manual apresentados pelos atletas diferem de acordo com a modalidade, sexo, peso corporal, nível do atleta, idade e tipo de treinamento. A força de preensão manual deve estar presente nas baterias de testes para identificação de possíveis talentos esportivos.

          Translated abstract

          INTRODUCTION: There are different sports that use the hand as a major body segment involved in performance: judo, tennis, sailing, rowing, boxing, weightlifting and others. Handgrip strength is required in sports where the level of force generated can be the difference in the final performance. Manual dynamometry is a valuable tool that can be used in the detection of sporting talents, training control and in the assessment of injury recovery. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to review the main methodological aspects involved in the measurement of hand grip strength, using the JamarTM dynamometer and identifying the features of validity, reliability, precision, position for doing the test, handle position, instructions, number of measures, rest period between attempts, duration of contraction, and pre-test heating. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An electronic search of the literature available on the area was carried out, using the databases of MEDLINE, SciELO and LILACS. The keywords used were: handgrip strength, manual dynomometry, hand, grip, strength, dynamometer, Jamar, norms and reference values. CONCLUSION: The values of handgrip strength displayed by the athletes differ according to sport, sex, body weight, level of the athlete, age and type of training. Handgrip strength should be present in the batteries of tests to identify potential sporting talents.

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          Most cited references53

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          Food restriction, performance, biochemical, psychological, and endocrine changes in judo athletes.

          In order to test the hypothesis that dietary restriction may have a negative influence on physiological and psychological adaptation to a judo competition, we examined the effects of weight loss induced by restricting energy and fluid intake on the physiology, psychology, and physical performance of judo athletes. Twenty male judoka were randomly assigned to one of two groups (Group A: called diet, n = 10; height 174.8 +/- 1.9 cm, body weight 75.9 +/- 3.1 kg; they were asked to lose approximately 5 % of their body weight through self-determined means during the week before the competition; Group B: called control, n = 10; height 176.4 +/- 1.1 cm, body weight 73.3 +/- 6.3 kg maintained their body weight during the week before the competition). A battery of tests was performed during a baseline period (T1), on the morning of a simulated competition (T2) and 10 min after the end of the competition (T3). The test battery included assessment for body composition, performance tests, evaluation of mood, determination of metabolic and hormonal responses. Dietary data were collected using a 7-day diet record. The nutrient analysis indicated that all the athletes followed a low carbohydrate diet whatever the period of the investigation. For the Group A, the food restriction (- 4 MJ per day) resulted in significant decreases of the body weight and altered the mood by increasing Fatigue, Tension and decreasing Vigour. Dietary restriction had also a significant influence on metabolic and endocrine parameters and was associated with poor performance. After the competition, significant decreases of the levels in testosterone, T/C ratio, alkali reserve, and free fatty acid were observed in both groups, whereas the plasma concentrations in insulin, ammonia, urea, and uric acid were increased. In conclusion, our results suggest that the combination of energy restriction and intense exercise training, which causes weight reduction before a competition, adversely affects the physiology and psychology of judo athletes and impairs physical performance before the competition. Our data are the first to demonstrate that a competition including five 5-min bouts induced the same changes of physiological and psychological variables and performance whatever the dietary intake (dietary restriction or not) during the seven days before the competition.
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            Reliability and validity of the DynEx dynamometer.

            Abstract The purpose of the study was to examine the reliability and validity of the digital DynEx dynamometer. Grip strength testing was conducted on 100 healthy subjects (aged 20-40 years) using both the Jamar and DynEx dynamometers in the second handle position. The data were analyzed for test-retest reliability and concurrent validity using the intraclass correlation coefficient. A repeated-measures analysis of covariance was conducted to reveal differences in grip strength between instruments. In addition, measurement error was calculated with known weights. The DynEx dynamometer was found to have high test-retest reliability both with human subjects ( r = 0.9864) and with known weights suspended from the dynamometer's handle ( r = 0.9999). The DynEx dynamometers had a smaller measurement error (1.63%) than the Jamar dynamometers (7.74%). Although significant differences were found between grip scores obtained on the Jamar and the DynEx (F = 6.222; p = 0.014), the concurrent validity between the two instruments was excellent ( r > 0.98). The results of this study indicate that clinicians can use the DynEx dynamometer at the second handle position knowing that it is reliable, valid, and comparable to the second handle position of the Jamar dynamometer.
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              A method for checking Jamar dynamometer calibration

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                fm
                Fisioterapia em Movimento
                Fisioter. mov.
                Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (Curitiba )
                1980-5918
                September 2011
                : 24
                : 3
                : 567-578
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de Viçosa Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal de Viçosa Brazil
                Article
                S0103-51502011000300021
                10.1590/S0103-51502011000300021
                f545f91c-36dc-434a-ae38-499bbe743d91

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0103-5150&lng=en
                Categories
                ORTHOPEDICS
                REHABILITATION

                Orthopedics,Physiotherapy
                Hand strength,Muscle strength dynamometer,Sports,Força da mão,Dinamômetro de força muscular,Esportes

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