For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
122
views
24
references
 Top references
cited by
19
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    20
    shares
      9
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: not found

      Microbial Interactions during Upper Respiratory Tract Infections

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Competitive interactions between bacteria differ by number and species present; thus, vaccination and treatment strategies may alter nasopharyngeal flora and disease susceptibility.

          Abstract

          Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Staphylococcus aureus often colonize the nasopharynx. Children are susceptible to bacterial infections during or soon after upper respiratory tract infection (URI). We describe colonization with these 4 bacteria species alone or in combination during URI. Data were from a prospective cohort of healthy children 6 to 36 months of age followed up for 1 year. Analyses of 968 swabs from 212 children indicated that S. pneumoniae colonization is negatively associated with colonization by H. influenzae. Competitive interactions shifted when H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis colonized together. In this situation, the likelihood of colonization with all 3 species is higher. Negative associations were identified between S. pneumoniae and S. aureus and between H. influenzae and S. aureus. Polymicrobial interactions differed by number and species of bacteria present. Antimicrobial therapy and vaccination strategies targeting specific bacterial species may alter the flora in unforeseen ways.

          Related collections

          Most cited references24

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Viral Upper Respiratory Tract Infection and Otitis Media Complication in Young Children

          Tasnee Chonmaitree, Krystal Revai, James J. Grady … (2008)
          Abstract Background . The common cold or upper respiratory infection (URI) is highly prevalent among young children and often results in otitis media (OM). The incidence and characteristics of OM complicating URI due to specific viruses have not been well studied. Methods . We performed a prospective, longitudinal cohort study of 294 healthy children (age range, 6 months to 3 years). Each child was observed for 1 year to assess the occurrence of URI, acute OM (AOM), and OM with effusion (OME) complicating URI due to specific viruses. Results . We documented 1295 URI episodes (5.06 episodes per child-year) and 440 AOM episodes (1.72 episodes per child-year). Virus studies were performed for 864 URI episodes; 63% were virus positive. Rhinovirus and adenovirus were most frequently detected during URI. The overall incidence of OM that complicated URI was 61%, including a 37% incidence of AOM and a 24% incidence of OME. Young age was the most important predictor of AOM that complicated URI. AOM occurred in approximately one-half of children with URI due to adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, or coronavirus and in approximately one-third of those with URI due to influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, enterovirus, or rhinovirus. Conclusions . More than 60% of episodes of symptomatic URI among young children were complicated by AOM and/or OME. Young age and specific virus types were predictors of URI complicated by AOM. For young children, the strategy to prevent OM should involve prevention of viral URI. The strategy may be more effective if the priority is given to development of means to prevent URI associated with adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus.
          Article 0 comments Cited 118 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Association between carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus in Children.

            Gili Regev-Yochay, Ron Dagan, Meir Raz … (2004)
            Widespread pneumococcal conjugate vaccination may bring about epidemiologic changes in upper respiratory tract flora of children. Of particular significance may be an interaction between Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus, in view of the recent emergence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S aureus. To examine the prevalence and risk factors of carriage of S pneumoniae and S aureus in the prevaccination era in young children. Cross-sectional surveillance study of nasopharyngeal carriage of S pneumoniae and nasal carriage of S aureus by 790 children aged 40 months or younger seen at primary care clinics in central Israel during February 2002. Carriage rates of S pneumoniae (by serotype) and S aureus; risk factors associated with carriage of each pathogen. Among 790 children screened, 43% carried S pneumoniae and 10% carried S aureus. Staphylococcus aureus carriage among S pneumoniae carriers was 6.5% vs 12.9% in S pneumoniae noncarriers. Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage among S aureus carriers was 27.5% vs 44.8% in S aureus noncarriers. Only 2.8% carried both pathogens concomitantly vs 4.3% expected dual carriage (P =.03). Risk factors for S pneumoniae carriage (attending day care, having young siblings, and age older than 3 months) were negatively associated with S aureus carriage. Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage, specifically of vaccine-type strains, is negatively associated with S aureus carriage in children. The implications of these findings in the pneumococcal vaccine era require further investigation.
            Article 0 comments Cited 86 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Relationship between nasopharyngeal colonization and the development of otitis media in children. Tonawanda/Williamsville Pediatrics.

              H Faden, Shantel L. Duffy, Michael Wasielewski … (1997)
              Streptococcus pneumoniae, nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis are the predominant bacteria associated with otitis media. A cohort of 306 infants was followed from birth through 12 months to determine frequency and duration of colonization and risk of acute otitis media (AOM) and otitis media with effusion (OME). M. catarrhalis was the most common bacterium isolated. Infants colonized at < or = 3 months of age were at increased risk of AOM and OME. Early colonization with M. catarrhalis revealed the greatest risk (relative risk [RR] = 1.24), especially for OME (RR = 1.57). There was a strong relationship between the frequency of colonization and OM (r = .37, P < .001,) for each pathogen. Although S. pneumoniae, nontypeable H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis are part of the normal nasopharyngeal flora during infancy, an increased rate of colonization may identify a subpopulation of children that is at increased risk of OM.
              Article 0 comments Cited 76 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Emerg Infect Dis
                Journal ID (publisher-id): EID
                Title: Emerging Infectious Diseases
                Publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
                ISSN (Print): 1080-6040
                ISSN (Electronic): 1080-6059
                Publication date (Print): October 2008
                Volume: 14
                Issue: 10
                Pages: 1584-1591
                Affiliations
                [1]Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA (M. Pettigrew, J. Gent)
                [2]University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA (K. Revai, J. Patel, T. Chonmaitree)
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Melinda M. Pettigrew, Yale University School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, CT 06520-8034, USA; email: melinda.pettigrew@ 123456yale.edu
                Article
                Publisher ID: 08-0119
                DOI: 10.3201/eid1410.080119
                PMC ID: 2609881
                PubMed ID: 18826823
                SO-VID: f56e8250-5612-4499-a02c-34ae5a629210
                History
                Categories
                Subject: Research

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: streptococcus pneumoniae,interference,research,children,haemophilus influenzae,polymicrobial,colonization,competition,upper respiratory tract infection,moraxella catarrhalis,staphylococcus aureus
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: streptococcus pneumoniae, interference, research, children, haemophilus influenzae, polymicrobial, colonization, competition, upper respiratory tract infection, moraxella catarrhalis, staphylococcus aureus

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content9

                See all similar

                Cited by64

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors747

                See all reference authors