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      The Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 7 Channel Regulates Pancreatic Cancer Cell Invasion through the Hsp90α/uPA/MMP2 pathway 1

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          Abstract

          Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy with a very poor prognosis. There is an urgent need to better understand the molecular mechanisms that regulate PDAC cell aggressiveness. The transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) is a nonselective cationic channel that mainly conducts Ca 2+ and Mg 2+. TRPM7 is overexpressed in numerous malignancies including PDAC. In the present study, we used the PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cell lines to specifically assess the role of TRPM7 in cell invasion and matrix metalloproteinase secretion. We show that TRPM7 regulates Mg 2+ homeostasis and constitutive cation entry in both PDAC cell lines. Moreover, cell invasion is strongly reduced by TRPM7 silencing without affecting the cell viability. Conditioned media were further studied, by gel zymography, to detect matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) secretion in PDAC cells. Our results show that MMP-2, urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), and heat-shock protein 90α (Hsp90α) secretions are significantly decreased in TRPM7-deficient PDAC cells. Moreover, TRPM7 expression in human PDAC lymph node metastasis is correlated to the channel expression in primary tumor. Taken together, our results show that TRPM7 is involved in PDAC cell invasion through regulation of Hsp90α/uPA/MMP-2 proteolytic axis, confirming that this channel could be a promising biomarker and possibly a target for PDAC metastasis therapy.

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          Calcium in tumour metastasis: new roles for known actors.

          In most cases, metastasis, not the primary tumour per se, is the main cause of mortality in cancer patients. In order to effectively escape the tumour, enter the circulation and establish secondary growth in distant organs cancer cells must develop an enhanced propensity to migrate. The ubiquitous second messenger Ca²⁺ is a crucial regulator of cell migration. Recently, a number of known molecular players in cellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis, including calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 (ORAI1), stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, have been implicated in tumour cell migration and the metastatic cell phenotype. We discuss how these developments have increased our understanding of the Ca²⁺ dependence of pro-metastatic behaviours.
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            TRP-PLIK, a bifunctional protein with kinase and ion channel activities.

            We cloned and characterized a protein kinase and ion channel, TRP-PLIK. As part of the long transient receptor potential channel subfamily implicated in control of cell division, it is a protein that is both an ion channel and a protein kinase. TRP-PLIK phosphorylated itself, displayed a wide tissue distribution, and, when expressed in CHO-K1 cells, constituted a nonselective, calcium-permeant, 105-picosiemen, steeply outwardly rectifying conductance. The zinc finger containing alpha-kinase domain was functional. Inactivation of the kinase activity by site-directed mutagenesis and the channel's dependence on intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) demonstrated that the channel's kinase activity is essential for channel function.
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              The urokinase-type plasminogen activator system in cancer metastasis: a review.

              The urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) system consists of the serine proteinases plasmin and u-PA; the serpin inhibitors alpha2-anti-plasmin, PAI-1 and PAI-2; and the u-PA receptor (u-PAR). Two lines of evidence have strongly suggested an important and apparently causal role for the u-PA system in cancer metastasis: results from experimental model systems with animal tumor metastasis and the finding that high levels of u-PA, PAI-1 and u-PAR in many tumor types predict poor patient prognosis. We discuss here recent observations related to the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this role of the u-PA system. Many findings suggest that the system does not support tumor metastasis by the unrestricted enzyme activity of u-PA and plasmin. Rather, pericellular molecular and functional interactions between u-PA, u-PAR, PAI-1, extracellular matrix proteins, integrins, endocytosis receptors and growth factors appear to allow temporal and spatial re-organizations of the system during cell migration and a selective degradation of extracellular matrix proteins during invasion. Differential expression of components of the system by cancer and non-cancer cells, regulated by paracrine mechanisms, appear to determine the involvement of the system in cancer cell-directed tissue remodeling. A detailed knowledge of these processes is necessary for utilization of the therapeutic potential of interfering with the action of the system in cancers.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Neoplasia
                Neoplasia
                Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)
                Neoplasia Press
                1522-8002
                1476-5586
                08 March 2017
                April 2017
                08 March 2017
                : 19
                : 4
                : 288-300
                Affiliations
                [* ]Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire-EA4667, UFR Sciences, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, F-80039 Amiens, France
                []SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231)
                []UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), F-51095 Reims, France
                [§ ]Service d'anatomie pathologique, CHU d'Amiens, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, F-80000 Amiens, France, France
                Author notes
                [* ]Address all correspondence to: Mathieu Gautier, University of Picardie Jules Verne, F-80039 Amiens, France.University of Picardie Jules VerneAmiensF-80039France mathieu.gautier@ 123456u-picardie.fr
                [2]

                Both authors contributed equally to this work.

                Article
                S1476-5586(16)30191-9
                10.1016/j.neo.2017.01.004
                5345960
                28284058
                f5911c71-2e1f-48d9-9005-a0bb05a21b0c
                © 2017 The Authors

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 30 September 2016
                : 5 January 2017
                : 13 January 2017
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