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      0–π phase-controllable thermal Josephson junction

      Author(s): , , , ,
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      Journal: Nature Nanotechnology
      Publisher: Springer Nature

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          Abstract

          Graphene nanoconstrictions achieved via mechanical exfoliation of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite evidence clear signatures of one-dimensional transport via zigzag edges.

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          Possible new effects in superconductive tunnelling

          B.D. Josephson (1962)
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            Opportunities for mesoscopics in thermometry and refrigeration: Physics and applications

            Tero Heikkilä, Francesco Giazotto, Jukka P. Pekola … (2005)
            This review presents an overview of the thermal properties of mesoscopic structures. The discussion is based on the concept of electron energy distribution, and, in particular, on controlling and probing it. The temperature of an electron gas is determined by this distribution: refrigeration is equivalent to narrowing it, and thermometry is probing its convolution with a function characterizing the measuring device. Temperature exists, strictly speaking, only in quasiequilibrium in which the distribution follows the Fermi-Dirac form. Interesting nonequilibrium deviations can occur due to slow relaxation rates of the electrons, e.g., among themselves or with lattice phonons. Observation and applications of nonequilibrium phenomena are also discussed. The focus in this paper is at low temperatures, primarily below 4 K, where physical phenomena on mesoscopic scales and hybrid combinations of various types of materials, e.g., superconductors, normal metals, insulators, and doped semiconductors, open up a rich variety of device concepts. This review starts with an introduction to theoretical concepts and experimental results on thermal properties of mesoscopic structures. Then thermometry and refrigeration are examined with an emphasis on experiments. An immediate application of solid-state refrigeration and thermometry is in ultrasensitive radiation detection, which is discussed in depth. This review concludes with a summary of pertinent fabrication methods of presented devices.
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              Coupling of two superconductors through a ferromagnet : evidence for a pi-junction

              , , … (2009)
              We report measurements of the temperature dependence of the critical current in Josephson junctions consisting of conventional superconducting banks of Nb and a weakly ferromagnetic interlayer of a Cu\(_x\)Ni\(_{1-x}\) alloy, with \(x\) around 0.5. With decreasing temperature \(I_c\) generally increases, but for specific thicknesses of the ferromagnetic interlayer, a maximum is found followed by a strong decrease down to zero, after which \(I_c\) rises again. Such a sharp cusp can only be explained by assuming that the junction changes from a 0-phase state at high temperatures to a \(\pi\)-phase state at low temperatures.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Nature Nanotechnology
                Abbreviated Title: Nature Nanotech
                Publisher: Springer Nature
                ISSN (Print): 1748-3387
                ISSN (Electronic): 1748-3395
                Publication date Created: March 13 2017
                Publication date (Print): March 13 2017
                Volume: 12
                Issue: 5
                Pages: 425-429
                Article
                DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2017.25
                PubMed ID: 28288120
                SO-VID: f5bd9fa6-f638-4cb0-abe6-f7bb1cbf336d
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