16
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Development of the VIGS System in the Dioecious Plant Silene latifolia

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          (1) Background: Silene latifolia is a dioecious plant, whose sex is determined by XY-type sex chromosomes. Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae is a smut fungus that infects S. latifolia plants and causes masculinization in female flowers, as if Microbotryum were acting as a sex-determining gene. Recent large-scale sequencing efforts have promised to provide candidate genes that are involved in the sex determination machinery in plants. These candidate genes are to be analyzed for functional characterization. A virus vector can be a tool for functional gene analyses; (2) Methods: To develop a viral vector system in S. latifolia plants, we selected Apple latent spherical virus (ALSV) as an appropriate virus vector that has a wide host range; (3) Results: Following the optimization of the ALSV inoculation method, S. latifolia plants were infected with ALSV at high rates in the upper leaves. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that ALSV can migrate into the flower meristems in S. latifolia plants. Successful VIGS (virus-induced gene silencing) in S. latifolia plants was demonstrated with knockdown of the phytoene desaturase gene. Finally, the developed method was applied to floral organ genes to evaluate its usability in flowers; (4) Conclusion: The developed system enables functional gene analyses in S. latifolia plants, which can unveil gene functions and networks of S. latifolia plants, such as the mechanisms of sex determination and fungal-induced masculinization.

          Related collections

          Most cited references37

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase prevents meristem invasion by potato virus X and is required for the activity but not the production of a systemic silencing signal.

          One of the functions of RNA silencing in plants is antiviral defense. A hallmark of RNA silencing is spreading of the silenced state through the plant. Little is known about the nature of the systemic silencing signal and the proteins required for its production, transport, and reception in plant tissues. Here, we show that the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase RDR6 in Nicotiana benthamiana is involved in defense against potato virus X at the level of systemic spreading and in exclusion of the virus from the apical growing point. It has no effect on primary replication and cell-to-cell movement of the virus and does not contribute significantly to the formation of virus-derived small interfering (si) RNA in a fully established potato virus X infection. In grafting experiments, the RDR6 homolog was required for the ability of a cell to respond to, but not to produce or translocate, the systemic silencing signal. Taking these findings together, we suggest a model of virus defense in which RDR6 uses incoming silencing signal to generate double-stranded RNA precursors of secondary siRNA. According to this idea, the secondary siRNAs mediate RNA silencing as an immediate response that slows down the systemic spreading of the virus into the growing point and newly emerging leaves.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: not found
            • Article: not found

            Storage of competent cells forAgrobacteriumtransformation

              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Function of the apetala-1 gene during Arabidopsis floral development.

              We have characterized the floral phenotypes produced by the recessive homeotic apetala 1-1 (ap1-1) mutation in Arabidopsis. Plants homozygous for this mutation display a homeotic conversion of sepsis into brachts and the concomitant formation of floral buds in the axil of each transformed sepal. In addition, these flowers lack petals. We show that the loss of petal phenotype is due to the failure of petal primordia to be initiated. We have also constructed double mutant combinations with ap1 and other mutations affecting floral development. Based on these results, we suggest that the AP1 and the apetala 2 (AP2) genes may encode similar functions that are required to define the pattern of where floral organs arise, as well as for determinate development of the floral meristem. We propose that the AP1 and AP2 gene products act in concert with the product of the agamous (AG) locus to establish a determinate floral meristem, whereas other homeotic gene products are required for cells to differentiate correctly according to their position. These results extend the proposed role of the homeotic genes in floral development and suggest new models for the establishment of floral pattern.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Int J Mol Sci
                Int J Mol Sci
                ijms
                International Journal of Molecular Sciences
                MDPI
                1422-0067
                27 February 2019
                March 2019
                : 20
                : 5
                : 1031
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Kihara Institute for Biological Research (KIBR), Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka, Totsuka, Yokohama, Kanagawa 244-0813, Japan; tsujih@ 123456yokohama-cu.ac.jp
                [2 ]Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; s185614v@ 123456st.go.tuat.ac.jp (S.A.); akomatsu@ 123456cc.tuat.ac.jp (K.K.)
                [3 ]RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; ykaze@ 123456riken.jp
                [4 ]Plant Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan; nyamagi@ 123456iwate-u.ac.jp (N.Y.); yoshikawa@ 123456iwate-u.ac.jp (N.Y.)
                [5 ]Mycology and Metabolic Diversity Research Center, Tamagawa University Research Institute, Machida 194-8610, Japan; wkyoko@ 123456agr.tamagawa.ac.jp
                [6 ]Future Center Initiative, The University of Tokyo, FC503, 178-4-4, Wakashiba, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0871, Japan; kawano@ 123456edu.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: nfujita@ 123456yokohama-cu.ac.jp ; Tel./Fax: +81-45-275-2475
                Article
                ijms-20-01031
                10.3390/ijms20051031
                6429067
                30818769
                f5c5f61c-33b2-4b17-bbac-7543ac4482c0
                © 2019 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 19 December 2018
                : 22 February 2019
                Categories
                Article

                Molecular biology
                dioecious plant,xy chromosomes,alsv,microbotryum
                Molecular biology
                dioecious plant, xy chromosomes, alsv, microbotryum

                Comments

                Comment on this article