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      Evaluación nutricional en mayores Translated title: Nutritional evaluation in the elderly

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          Abstract

          Resumen Una buena alimentación/nutrición es necesaria para mantener el buen funcionamiento del cuerpo, prevenir las enfermedades y cuando estas aparecen poder superarlas y recuperarse. Esta afirmación es una realidad en cualquier etapa de la vida, pero mucho más cuando el individuo empieza a ser vulnerable, como sucede en el envejecimiento. Realizar un cribado nutricional va a permitir detectar a las personas que presenten riesgo de malnutrición y mediante la valoración nutricional completa, identificar las alteraciones de su estado nutricional.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract A good diet/nutrition is necessary to maintain the proper functioning of the body, prevent diseases and when they appear to be able to overcome them and recover. This statement is true at any stage of life, but much more so when the individual begins to be vulnerable, as occurs with aging. Carrying out a nutritional screening will allow people who are at risk of malnutrition to be detected, and a complete assessment to identify alterations in their nutritional status.

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          Most cited references11

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          A new predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in healthy individuals.

          A predictive equation for resting energy expenditure (REE) was derived from data from 498 healthy subjects, including females (n = 247) and males (n = 251), aged 19-78 y (45 +/- 14 y, mean +/- SD). Normal-weight (n = 264) and obese (n = 234) individuals were studied and REE was measured by indirect calorimetry. Multiple-regression analyses were employed to drive relationships between REE and weight, height, and age for both men and women (R2 = 0.71): REE = 9.99 x weight + 6.25 x height - 4.92 x age + 166 x sex (males, 1; females, 0) - 161. Simplification of this formula and separation by sex did not affect its predictive value: REE (males) = 10 x weight (kg) + 6.25 x height (cm) - 5 x age (y) + 5; REE (females) = 10 x weight (kg) + 6.25 x height (cm) - 5 x age (y) - 161. The inclusion of relative body weight and body-weight distribution did not significantly improve the predictive value of these equations. The Harris-Benedict Equations derived in 1919 overestimated measured REE by 5% (p less than 0.01). Fat-free mass (FFM) was the best single predictor of REE (R2 = 0.64): REE = 19.7 x FFM + 413. Weight also was closely correlated with REE (R2 = 0.56): REE = 15.1 x weight + 371.
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            Estimating stature from knee height for persons 60 to 90 years of age.

            Stature is an important variable in several indices of nutritional status that are applicable to elderly persons. However, stature is difficult or impossible to measure in the nonambulatory elderly person, or its value may be spurious if measured in those elderly persons with excessive spinal curvature. Simple equations are presented for estimating the stature of elderly men from a recumbent measure of knee height and for elderly women from a recumbent measure of knee height and age. The 90 per cent error bounds for these equations for an individual are about plus or minus 6.0 cm. Knee height is highly correlated with stature.
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              Low serum micronutrient concentrations predict frailty among older women living in the community.

              Micronutrient deficiencies are common among older adults. We hypothesized that low serum micronutrient concentrations were predictive of frailty among older disabled women living in the community. We studied 766 women, aged 65 and older, from the Women's Health and Aging Study I, a population-based study of moderately to severely disabled community-dwelling women in Baltimore, Maryland. Serum vitamins A, D, E, B(6), and B(12), carotenoids, folate, zinc, and selenium were measured at baseline. Frailty status was determined at baseline and during annual visits for 3 years of follow-up. At baseline, 250 women were frail and 516 women were not frail. Of 463 nonfrail women who had at least one follow-up visit, 205 (31.9%) became frail, with an overall incidence rate of 19.1 per 100 person-years. Compared with women in the upper three quartiles, women in the lowest quartile of serum carotenoids (hazard ratio [HR] 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.92), alpha-tocopherol (HR 1.39; 95% CI, 1.02-1.92), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (HR 1.34; 95% CI, 0.94-1.90) had an increased risk of becoming frail. The number of nutritional deficiencies (HR 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01-1.20) was associated with an increased risk of becoming frail, after adjusting for age, smoking status, and chronic pulmonary disease. Adjusting for potential confounders, we found that women in the lowest quartile of serum carotenoids had a higher risk of becoming frail (HR 1.54; 95% CI, 1.11-2.13). Low serum micronutrient concentrations are an independent risk factor for frailty among disabled older women, and the risk of frailty increases with the number of micronutrient deficiencies.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                had
                Hospital a Domicilio
                Hosp. domic.
                Centro Internacional Virtual de Investigación en Nutrición (CIVIN) (Alicante, Alicante, Spain )
                2530-5115
                September 2022
                : 6
                : 3
                : 121-134
                Affiliations
                [2] Alicante orgnameHospital General Universitario de Alicante Dr. Balmis orgdiv1Unidad de Hospitalización a Domicilio España
                [1] Alicante orgnameInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL-FISABIO) España
                Article
                S2530-51152022000300121 S2530-5115(22)00600300121
                10.22585/hospdomic.v6i3.171
                f5fd6681-fc12-4bcb-8f3d-c4518b3f2b67

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 13 July 2022
                : 13 July 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 11, Pages: 14
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Artículos especiales

                Health of the Elderly,Nutritional Status,Nutrition Assessment,Geriatrics,Salud del Anciano,Estado Nutricional,Evaluación Nutricional,Geriatría

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