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      The evaluation of serum micro and trace elements in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma and multinodular goiter

      , , ,
      Trace Elements and Electrolytes
      Dustri-Verlag Dr. Karl Feistle
      ICP-OES, thyroid cancer, trace elements

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          Abstract

          Abstract. Objective: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most prevalent endocrine system malignancy with a fast-growing incidence in recent years. Due to the existing challenges in the diagnosis of thyroid lesions, improvement of specific molecular markers would be helpful to distinguish between malignant and benign thyroid tumors. In previous studies, trace element profile was investigated and reported as a potential marker for diagnosis of various cancers including thyroid cancer; however, some controversies exist as there is no consensus over the results of thyroid cancer studies. Therefore, this study was an effort to assess and compare the concentrations of some micro and trace elements in PTC as a malignant tumor, multinodular goiter (MNG) as a benign thyroid tumor, and healthy controls. Materials and methods: Serum micro and trace element concentrations (including Se, Cu, Zn, Mg, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ca, Ag, V, and the Cu/Zn ratio) from 18 PTC, 17 MNG, and 17 healthy subjects were compared using ICP-OES method followed by univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Results: Multivariate methods showed that significant decrease of Cu/Zn ratio is the most important discriminating variable between malignant and benign thyroid lesions. Conclusion: The results confirmed that the trace element profile could serve as a helpful marker in differentiating malignant from benign thyroid tumors.


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          Altered calcium signaling in cancer cells.

          It is the nature of the calcium signal, as determined by the coordinated activity of a suite of calcium channels, pumps, exchangers and binding proteins that ultimately guides a cell's fate. Deregulation of the calcium signal is often deleterious and has been linked to each of the 'cancer hallmarks'. Despite this, we do not yet have a full understanding of the remodeling of the calcium signal associated with cancer. Such an understanding could aid in guiding the development of therapies specifically targeting altered calcium signaling in cancer cells during tumorigenic progression. Findings from some of the studies that have assessed the remodeling of the calcium signal associated with tumorigenesis and/or processes important in invasion and metastasis are presented in this review. The potential of new methodologies is also discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane channels and transporters in cancers.
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            Copper and carcinogenesis.

            Metal ions play an important role in biological systems, and without their catalytic presence in trace or ultratrace amounts many essential co-factors for many biochemical reactions would not take place. However, they become toxic to cells when their concentrations surpass certain optimal (natural) levels. Copper is an essential metal. Catalytic copper, because of its mobilization and redox activity, is believed to play a central role in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as O2-* and *OH radicals, that bind very fast to DNA, and produce damage by breaking the DNA strands or modifying the bases and/or deoxyribose leading to carcinogenesis. The chemistry and biochemistry of copper is briefly accounted together with its involvement in cancer and other diseases.
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              Trace elements and cancer risk: a review of the epidemiologic evidence.

              Worldwide, there are more than 10 million new cancer cases each year, and cancer is the cause of approximately 12% of all deaths. Given this, a large number of epidemiologic studies have been undertaken to identify potential risk factors for cancer, amongst which the association with trace elements has received considerable attention. Trace elements, such as selenium, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, and nickel, are found naturally in the environment, and human exposure derives from a variety of sources, including air, drinking water, and food. Trace elements are of particular interest given that the levels of exposure to them are potentially modifiable. In this review, we focus largely on the association between each of the trace elements noted above and risk of cancers of the lung, breast, colorectum, prostate, urinary bladder, and stomach. Overall, the evidence currently available appears to support an inverse association between selenium exposure and prostate cancer risk, and possibly also a reduction in risk with respect to lung cancer, although additional prospective studies are needed. There is also limited evidence for an inverse association between zinc and breast cancer, and again, prospective studies are needed to confirm this. Most studies have reported no association between selenium and risk of breast, colorectal, and stomach cancer, and between zinc and prostate cancer risk. There is compelling evidence in support of positive associations between arsenic and risk of both lung and bladder cancers, and between cadmium and lung cancer risk.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Trace Elements and Electrolytes
                TE
                Dustri-Verlag Dr. Karl Feistle
                0946-2104
                2019
                October 01 2019
                : 36
                : 10
                : 215-221
                Article
                10.5414/TEX01577
                f62ad6cd-a474-46f8-9dc7-0c65a07b3c0a
                © 2019
                History

                Endocrinology & Diabetes,General medicine,Medicine,Gastroenterology & Hepatology,Nutrition & Dietetics
                thyroid cancer,trace elements,ICP-OES

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