Digital light processing (DLP)‐based (bio)printing strategies for tissue modeling and regeneration

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Abstract

Digital light processing (DLP)‐based bioprinting technology has recently aroused considerable concerns as a strategy to deliver biomedical materials and/or specific cells to create sophisticated structures for various tissue modeling and regeneration. In this review, we display a concise introduction of DLP bioprinting, and a further discussion on the design and manufacture of DLP (bio)printer with varied bioinks and their biomedical applications toward drug screening, disease modeling, tissue repair, and regenerative medicine. Finally, the advantages, challenges, and perspectives of the DLP printing platforms are detailed. It is believed that DLP bioprinting will play a decisive role in the field of tissue model and regenerative medicine, mainly due to its time‐efficient, higher resolution, and amenability to automation for various tissue needs.

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Most cited references 152

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Matrix elasticity directs stem cell lineage specification.

Adam Engler, Shamik Sen, H. Sweeney … (2006)

Microenvironments appear important in stem cell lineage specification but can be difficult to adequately characterize or control with soft tissues. Naive mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are shown here to specify lineage and commit to phenotypes with extreme sensitivity to tissue-level elasticity. Soft matrices that mimic brain are neurogenic, stiffer matrices that mimic muscle are myogenic, and comparatively rigid matrices that mimic collagenous bone prove osteogenic. During the initial week in culture, reprogramming of these lineages is possible with addition of soluble induction factors, but after several weeks in culture, the cells commit to the lineage specified by matrix elasticity, consistent with the elasticity-insensitive commitment of differentiated cell types. Inhibition of nonmuscle myosin II blocks all elasticity-directed lineage specification-without strongly perturbing many other aspects of cell function and shape. The results have significant implications for understanding physical effects of the in vivo microenvironment and also for therapeutic uses of stem cells.

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3D bioprinting of tissues and organs.

Sean Murphy, Anthony Atala (2014)

Additive manufacturing, otherwise known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, is driving major innovations in many areas, such as engineering, manufacturing, art, education and medicine. Recent advances have enabled 3D printing of biocompatible materials, cells and supporting components into complex 3D functional living tissues. 3D bioprinting is being applied to regenerative medicine to address the need for tissues and organs suitable for transplantation. Compared with non-biological printing, 3D bioprinting involves additional complexities, such as the choice of materials, cell types, growth and differentiation factors, and technical challenges related to the sensitivities of living cells and the construction of tissues. Addressing these complexities requires the integration of technologies from the fields of engineering, biomaterials science, cell biology, physics and medicine. 3D bioprinting has already been used for the generation and transplantation of several tissues, including multilayered skin, bone, vascular grafts, tracheal splints, heart tissue and cartilaginous structures. Other applications include developing high-throughput 3D-bioprinted tissue models for research, drug discovery and toxicology.

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A 3D bioprinting system to produce human-scale tissue constructs with structural integrity

Hyun-Wook Kang, Sang Jin Lee, In Kap Ko … (2016)

A challenge for tissue engineering is producing three-dimensional (3D), vascularized cellular constructs of clinically relevant size, shape and structural integrity. We present an integrated tissue-organ printer (ITOP) that can fabricate stable, human-scale tissue constructs of any shape. Mechanical stability is achieved by printing cell-laden hydrogels together with biodegradable polymers in integrated patterns and anchored on sacrificial hydrogels. The correct shape of the tissue construct is achieved by representing clinical imaging data as a computer model of the anatomical defect and translating the model into a program that controls the motions of the printer nozzles, which dispense cells to discrete locations. The incorporation of microchannels into the tissue constructs facilitates diffusion of nutrients to printed cells, thereby overcoming the diffusion limit of 100-200 μm for cell survival in engineered tissues. We demonstrate capabilities of the ITOP by fabricating mandible and calvarial bone, cartilage and skeletal muscle. Future development of the ITOP is being directed to the production of tissues for human applications and to the building of more complex tissues and solid organs.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Hongbin Li: (View ORCID Profile)

Feng Cheng: (View ORCID Profile)

Journal

Title: Aggregate

Abbreviated Title: Aggregate

Publisher: Wiley

ISSN (Print): 2692-4560

ISSN (Electronic): 2692-4560

Publication date Created: April 2023

Publication date (Electronic): October 03 2022

Publication date (Print): April 2023

Volume: 4

Issue: 2

Affiliations

[1 ] MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin P. R. China

[2 ] College of Light Industry and Textile Qiqihar University Qiqihar P. R. China

[3 ] Biomanufacturing Center Department of Mechanical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing P. R. China

[4 ] School of Biomedical Engineering and Med‐X Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai P. R. China

[5 ] Institute for Regenerative Medicine Shanghai East Hospital Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research School of Life Science and Technology Tongji University Shanghai P. R. China

Article

DOI: 10.1002/agt2.270

SO-VID: f643d3ba-d893-488d-b9e2-aff3e2be13e5

License:

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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