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      Early Cancer Detection Behaviors among Black Males

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      Journal of Men's Health
      Dougmar Publishing Group, Inc.

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          Abstract

          Background and Objective: It is believed that the differentials in the chances of surviving cancer diagnoses may be due to barriers that limit access to timely, appropriate, and high-quality medical care. Understanding the motivation for early cancer detection behavior among Black males may begin to diminish the prevalence of having an imminent and aggressive cancer diagnosis among this gendered population. To add to this understanding, this study examined perceptions, beliefs, and engagement in early detection cancer behavior in a sample of Black males 23-63 years of age. Materials and Methods: Participants (N=312) responded to survey items assessing knowledge, beliefs, and perceptions of cancer, early cancer detection behavior, illness attitude, masculinity, attachment style, and demographic characteristics via a Qualtrics link published on Amazon MTurk. Using hierarchical regression models, associations were estimated between demographic variables, social (illness attitude, identity), behavioral (masculinity, attachment) variables, and early cancer detection behavior. Results: Data showed age (b = -.28, p<.01), education (b = -.180, p<.01), illness attitude (b = .24, p<.01), masculinity (b = -.22, p<.01), and avoidant (b = .31, p<.01) and anxious (b = -.14, p<.01) attachment being associated with early cancer detection behavior among Black males. Conclusion: Understanding the motivation for early cancer detection behaviors may begin to address the use of mechanisms, by which to ensure a timely diagnosis, of preventable cancers, among this adult population. Our findings should be useful for researchers seeking to understand why people resist beneficial health information, and for practitioners who aim to create interventions that may reduce such resistance.

          Most cited references18

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          Masculinity and perceived normative health behaviors as predictors of men's health behaviors.

          This study examined the unique contributions of masculinity and men's perceptions of the normativeness of men's and women's health behaviors in predicting men's self-reported health behaviors. One hundred and forty men aged 18-78 were recruited from 27 unmoderated and moderated Internet listservs of potential interest to men. They completed measures on-line assessing masculinity, their perceptions of normative health behaviors for men and women, and 8 health behaviors (i.e., alcohol abuse, seatbelt use, tobacco use, physical fighting, use of social support, exercise, dietary habits, and receipt of annual medical check-ups). Findings suggest that masculinity and the perceived normativeness of other men's health behaviors significantly predicted participants' own health behaviors beyond that accounted for by socio-demographic variables (e.g., education, income). Perceptions of the normativeness of women's health behaviors were unrelated to participants' health behaviors. The findings support previous research which has found that traditional masculine gender socialization and social norms models encourage men to put their health at risk, and suggest directions for health promotion efforts when working with men.
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            Visible and Invisible Trends in Black Men's Health: Pitfalls and Promises for Addressing Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Inequities in Health

            Over the past two decades, there has been growing interest in improving black men's health and the health disparities affecting them. Yet, the health of black men consistently ranks lowest across nearly all groups in the United States. Evidence on the health and social causes of morbidity and mortality among black men has been narrowly concentrated on public health problems (e.g., violence, prostate cancer, and HIV/AIDS) and determinants of health (e.g., education and male gender socialization). This limited focus omits age-specific leading causes of death and other social determinants of health, such as discrimination, segregation, access to health care, employment, and income. This review discusses the leading causes of death for black men and the associated risk factors, as well as identifies gaps in the literature and presents a racialized and gendered framework to guide efforts to address the persistent inequities in health affecting black men.
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              Measuring attachment security in patients with advanced cancer: psychometric properties of a modified and brief Experiences in Close Relationships scale.

              Attachment security has been identified as an important buffer of distress in patients with cancer and other medical illnesses but current measures have not been adapted for this population who may be older, in long-term stable relationships, and suffering from considerable disease burden. This study reports on (1) the psychometric properties of a modified 36-item Experiences in Close Relationships scale (ECR), adapted for this population; and (2) the validity of a brief 16-item version of our modified scale.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Men's Health
                J Men's Health
                Dougmar Publishing Group, Inc.
                1875-6859
                June 07 2018
                June 08 2018
                : 14
                : 3
                : e3-e13
                Article
                10.22374/1875-6859.14.3.4
                f65d4b86-7c2b-4772-a6dc-7ffdc4e6789f
                © 2018

                Copyright of articles published in all DPG titles is retained by the author. The author grants DPG the rights to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher. The author grants DPG exclusive commercial rights to the article. The author grants any non-commercial third party the rights to use the article freely provided original author(s) and citation details are cited. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

                History

                Geriatric medicine,Urology,Sports medicine,Sexual medicine
                Geriatric medicine, Urology, Sports medicine, Sexual medicine

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