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      Japanese guideline for the oncology FDG-PET/CT data acquisition protocol: synopsis of Version 2.0

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          Abstract

          This synopsis outlines the Japanese guideline Version 2.0 for the data acquisition protocol of oncology FDG-PET/CT scans that was created by a joint task force of the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine Technology, the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine and the Japanese Council of PET Imaging, and was published in Kakuigaku-Gijutsu 2013; 33:377–420 in Japanese. The guideline aims at standardizing the PET image quality among PET centers and different PET camera models by providing criteria for the IEC body phantom image quality as well as for the patient PET image quality based on the noise equivalent count (NEC), NEC density and liver signal-to-noise ratio, so that the appropriate scanning parameters can be determined for each PET camera. This Version 2.0 covers issues that were not focused on in Version 1.0, including the accuracy of the standardized uptake value (SUV), effect of body size together with adjustment of scanning duration, and time-of-flight (TOF) reconstruction technique. Version 2.0 also presents data acquired with new PET camera models that were not tested in Version 1.0. Reference values for physical indicators of phantom image quality have been updated as well.

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          Performance characteristics of a newly developed PET/CT scanner using NEMA standards in 2D and 3D modes.

          , Donald Podoloff, Osama Mawlawi … (2004)
          This study evaluates the 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) performance characteristics of a newly developed PET/CT scanner using the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) NU 2-1994 (NU94) and NEMA NU 2-2001 (NU01) standards. The PET detector array consists of 10,080 individual bismuth germanate crystals arranged in 24 rings of 420 crystals each. The size of each crystal is 6.3 x 6.3 x 30 mm in the axial, transaxial, and radial dimensions, respectively. The PET detector ring diameter is 88.6 cm with axial and transaxial fields of view (FOVs) of 15.7 and 70 cm, respectively. The scanner has a uniform patient port of 70 cm throughout the PET and CT FOV, and the PET scanner is equipped with retractable septa to allow 2D and 3D imaging. Spatial resolution, scatter fraction, sensitivity, counting rate, image quality, and accuracy as defined by the NEMA protocols of NU94 and NU01 for 2D and 3D modes are evaluated. The 2D mode data were acquired with a maximum ring difference of 5, whereas the 3D mode acquisition used ring differences of 23. Both 2D and 3D mode data were acquired with an energy window of 375-650 keV. Random estimation from singles counting rate was applied to all relevant analysis. In addition, images from 2 clinical whole-body oncology studies acquired in 2D and 3D modes are shown to demonstrate the image quality obtained from this scanner. The 2D NU94 transaxial resolution is 6.1-mm full width at half maximum (FWHM) 1 cm off center and increases to 6.9 mm tangential and 8.1 mm radial at a radius (R) of 20 cm. NU01 2D average transaxial (axial) FWHM resolution measured 6.1 (5.2) mm at R = 1 cm and 6.7 (6.1) mm at R = 10 cm. The NU94 scatter fraction for 2D (3D) was 13% (29%), whereas the NU01 scatter fraction gave 19% (45%). NU01 peak 2D (3D) noise equivalent counting rate (T(2)/[T + R + S]) was 90.2 (67.8) kilocount per second (kcps) at 52.5 (12) kBq/mL. Total 2D (3D) system sensitivity for true events is 8 (32.9) kcps/kBq/mL for NU94 and 1.95 (9.2) kcps/Bq for NU01. The results show excellent system sensitivity with relatively uniform resolution throughout the FOV, making this scanner highly suitable for whole-body studies.
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            Estimation of absorbed doses in humans due to intravenous administration of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose in PET studies.

            Camilo Mejia, J Hatazawa, S Watanuki … (1991)
            Radiation absorbed doses due to intravenous administration of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose in positron emission tomography (PET) studies were estimated in normal volunteers. The time-activity curves were obtained for seven human organs (brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, pancreas, and spleen) by using dynamic PET scans and for bladder content by using a single detector. These time-activity curves were used for the calculation of the cumulative activity in these organs. Absorbed doses were calculated by the MIRD method using the absorbed dose per unit of cumulated activity, "S" value, transformed for the Japanese physique and the organ masses of the Japanese reference man. The bladder wall and the heart were the organs receiving higher doses of 1.2 x 10(-1) and 4.5 x 10(-2) mGy/MBq, respectively. The brain received a dose of 2.9 x 10(-2) mGy/MBq, and other organs received doses between 1.0 x 10(-2) and 3.0 x 10(-2) mGy/MBq. The effective dose equivalent was estimated to be 2.4 x 10(-2) mSv/MBq. These results were comparable to values of absorbed doses reported by other authors on the radiation dosimetry of this radiopharmaceutical.
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              Lean body mass-based standardized uptake value, derived from a predictive equation, might be misleading in PET studies.

              Bulent Turgut, Semra Ozdemir, Derya Dogan … (2002)
              The standardized uptake value (SUV) has gained recognition in recent years as a semiquantitative evaluation parameter in positron emission tomography (PET) studies. However, there is as yet no consensus on the way in which this index should be determined. One of the confusing factors is the normalisation procedure. Among the proposed anthropometric parameters for normalisation is lean body mass (LBM); LBM has been determined by using a predictive equation in most if not all of the studies. In the present study, we assessed the degree of agreement of various LBM predictive equations with a reference method. Secondly, we evaluated the impact of predicted LBM values on a hypothetical value of 2.5 SUV, normalised to LBM (SUV(LBM)), by using various equations. The study population consisted of 153 women, aged 32.3+/-11.8 years (mean+/-SD), with a height of 1.61+/-0.06 m, a weight of 71.1+/-17.5 kg, a body surface area of 1.77+/-0.22 m(2) and a body mass index of 27.6+/-6.9 kg/m(2). LBM (44.2+/-6.6 kg) was measured by a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) method. A total of nine equations from the literature were evaluated, four of them from recent PET studies. Although there was significant correlation between predicted and measured LBM values, 95% limits of agreement determined by the Bland and Altman method showed a wide range of variation in predicted LBM values as compared with DEXA, no matter which predictive equation was used. Moreover, only one predictive equation was not statistically different in the comparison of means (DEXA and predicted LBM values). It was also shown that the predictive equations used in this study yield a wide range of SUV(LBM) values from 1.78 to 5.16 (29% less or 107% more) for an SUV of 2.5. In conclusion, this study suggests that estimation of LBM by use of a predictive equation may cause substantial error for an individual, and that if LBM is chosen for the SUV normalisation procedure, it should be measured, not predicted.
              Article 0 comments Cited 10 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Michio Senda: 81-78-3045212 , 81-78-3045201 , senda@fbri.org
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Ann Nucl Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Ann Nucl Med
                Title: Annals of Nuclear Medicine
                Publisher: Springer Japan (Tokyo )
                ISSN (Print): 0914-7187
                ISSN (Electronic): 1864-6433
                Publication date (Electronic): 24 May 2014
                Publication date PMC-release: 24 May 2014
                Publication date (Print): 2014
                Volume: 28
                Issue: 7
                Pages: 693-705
                Affiliations
                [ ]International University of Health and Welfare, Ohtawara, Japan
                [ ]Dokkyo Medical University Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
                [ ]Kyoto College of Medical Science, Nantan, Japan
                [ ]National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
                [ ]Nihon Medi-Physics, Tokyo, Japan
                [ ]Division of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, 2-2 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047 Japan
                Article
                Publisher ID: 849
                DOI: 10.1007/s12149-014-0849-2
                PMC ID: 4332454
                PubMed ID: 24859759
                SO-VID: f66be67a-f499-433a-ab5b-5f1254ff85b7
                Copyright © © The Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine 2014
                History
                Date received : 1 April 2014
                Date accepted : 1 April 2014
                Categories
                Subject: Others
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine 2014

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Radiology & Imaging
                Keywords: guideline,fdg-pet,oncology,noise equivalent count,phantom
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Radiology & Imaging
                Keywords: guideline, fdg-pet, oncology, noise equivalent count, phantom

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