For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
33
views
57
references
 Top references
cited by
18
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      222
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Patterns of Smoking Prevalence among the Elderly in Europe

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Scant information is available on determinants of smoking prevalence in the vulnerable population of the elderly, particularly in Europe. Therefore, we analyzed smoking patterns among older adults (≥65 years old), using data from a representative survey based on 3,071 elderly, conducted in 17 European countries in 2010, within the Pricing Policies And Control of Tobacco in Europe (PPACTE) project. Overall smoking prevalence in 17 European countries was 11.5% (15.3% in men and 8.6% in women). An inverse relation with level of education was observed among men, while no specific pattern was evident among women. Smoking prevalence was highest in eastern/central Europe for men (20.3%) and northern Europe for women (13.1%). In both sexes combined, smokers were more frequent in countries with low implementation of tobacco control activities (14.9%). Anti-tobacco campaigns and smoking cessation interventions specifically targeted to the elderly are urgently needed in Europe.

          Related collections

          Most cited references57

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Smoking and all-cause mortality in older people: systematic review and meta-analysis.

          Carolin Gellert, Ben Schöttker, Hermann Brenner (2012)
          BACKGROUND Smoking is an established risk factor of premature death. However, most pertinent studies primarily relied on middle-aged adults. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the empirical evidence on the association of smoking with all-cause mortality in people 60 years and older. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in multiple databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Knowledge and complemented by cross-referencing to identify cohort studies published before July 2011. Core items of identified studies were independently extracted by 2 reviewers, and results were summarized by standard methods of meta-analysis. RESULTS We identified 17 studies from 7 countries. Current smoking was associated with increased all-cause mortality in all studies. Relative mortality (RM) compared with never smokers ranged from 1.2 to 3.4 across studies and was 1.83 (95% CI, 1.65-2.03) in the meta-analysis. A decrease of RM of current smokers with increasing age was observed, but mortality remained increased up to the highest ages. Furthermore, a dose-response relationship of the amount of smoked cigarettes and premature death was observed. Former smokers likewise had an increased mortality (meta-analysis: RM, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.28-1.40), but excess mortality compared with never smokers clearly decreased with duration of cessation. Benefits of smoking cessation were evident in all age groups, including subjects 80 years and older. CONCLUSIONS Smoking remains a strong risk factor for premature mortality also at older age. Smoking cessation is beneficial at any age.
          Article 0 comments Cited 88 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: not found
            • Article: not found

            WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2011: warning about the dangers of tobacco

            (2011)
            Article 0 comments Cited 61 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: found
              Is Open Access

              Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence vs heavy smoking index in a general population survey

              M Pérez-Ríos, MI Santiago-Pérez, B Alonso … (2009)
              Background The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) is used for assessing nicotine dependence. A shorter test derived from the FTND used for the general population is the Heavy Smoking Index (HSI) (six questions vs. two). The objective of this study is to compare the validity of the HSI versus the FTND. Methods A survey of tobacco use in the general population was carried out in the northern Spanish region of Galicia using both the FTND and the HSI to study a representative sample of 1655 daily smokers. The HSI was compared with the FTND, considered the gold standard. Measures of sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were calculated. Concordance between the tests was also established (Cohen's kappa). Results Cohen's kappa showed good agreement between measures (Kappa = 0.7); specificity values were also high (Sp = 96.2%). Sensitivity analysis in females (Se = 62.3%) did not show good agreement. Conclusions The HSI can be used as a reasonably good screening test in order to identify daily smokers with high nicotine dependence. Nevertheless, for populations or subpopulations having low nicotine dependence, such as women, the FTND is more reliable.
              Article 0 comments Cited 46 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Environ Res Public Health
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Environ Res Public Health
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ijerph
                Title: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Print): 1661-7827
                ISSN (Electronic): 1660-4601
                Publication date (Electronic): 17 September 2013
                Publication date (Print): September 2013
                Volume: 10
                Issue: 9
                Pages: 4418-4431
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS – Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, 20156 Milan, Italy; E-Mails: alessandra.lugo@ 123456marionegri.it (A.L.); carlo.lavecchia@ 123456marionegri.it (C.L.V.); bojana.murisic@ 123456marionegri.it (B.M.); silvano.gallus@ 123456marionegri.it (S.G.)
                [2 ]Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
                [3 ]Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
                [4 ]IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana,00163 Rome, Italy
                Author notes
                [* ] Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: sboccia@ 123456rm.unicatt.it ; Tel.: +39-6-3015-4396; Fax: +39-6-3501-9533.
                Article
                Publisher ID: ijerph-10-04418
                DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10094418
                PMC ID: 3799502
                PubMed ID: 24048208
                SO-VID: f66caaee-3d6b-4a65-9047-1f04bc28e52e
                Copyright © © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
                License:

                This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                Date received : 28 June 2013
                Date revision received : 06 September 2013
                Date accepted : 13 September 2013
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health
                Keywords: smoking prevalence,vulnerable population,elderly,cross-sectional study
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health
                Keywords: smoking prevalence, vulnerable population, elderly, cross-sectional study

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content222

                See all similar

                Cited by18

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors439

                See all reference authors