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      Predicción de variables y prevención de resultados subóptimos en rejuvenecimiento quirúrgico de cara y cuello: evaluación preoperatoria sistemática con examen físico y ultrasonido Translated title: Previsão de variáveis e prevenção de resultados subótimos no rejuvenescimento cirúrgico de face e pescoço: avaliação pré-operatória sistemática com exame físico e ecografia Translated title: Predicting variables and preventing suboptimal results in face and neck surgical rejuvenation: a systematic physical and ultrasound evaluation

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción y objetivo. La evolución de las técnicas quirúrgicas para rejuvenecimiento facial y cervical ha sido significativa en los últimos años. La elección de la técnica debe personalizarse según las características anatómicas del paciente. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar nuestra evaluación preoperatoria sistemática de pacientes que se someten a rejuvenecimiento quirúrgico de cara y cuello y nuestro diagrama de toma de decisiones. Material y método. Presentamos nuestra lista de verificación preoperatoria (subdividida en 9 pasos) para identificar variantes anatómicas y deformidades individuales. Mediante exploración física y valoración ecográfica de cara y cuello, predecimos algunas variables que pueden hacer que la cirugía sea más previsible y estandarizada. Para ello creamos 7 pasos para el Diagrama de Toma de Decisiones Preoperatorias en Cirugía de Rejuvenecimiento de Cara y Cuello. Resultados. Cincuenta y nueve pacientes se sometieron a técnicas de estiramiento profundo de cara y cuello entre enero de 2019 y junio de 2021 utilizando nuestro diagrama de toma de decisiones. Presentamos 2 casos clínicos demostrativos. Conclusiones. En este artículo explicamos por qué se deben ofrecer diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas a diferentes pacientes teniendo en cuenta sus necesidades individuales. Con esta lista de comprobación y diagrama de toma de decisiones, el cirujano plástico podrá tomar decisiones personalizadas antes de la cirugía, como la orientación de la movilización del colgajo SMAS, el tipo de tratamiento de la porción más anterior del platisma o la necesidad de abordaje y tratamiento de las estructuras cervicales subplatismales, a fin de reducir la consecución de resultados menos satisfactorios, los errores quirúrgicos y agilizar la cirugía.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Introdução e objetivo. A evolução das técnicas cirúrgicas de rejuvenescimento facial e cervical tem sido significativa nos últimos anos. A escolha da técnica deve ser personalizada de acordo com as especificidades anatómicas do paciente. Este trabalho tem como objetivo expor a nossa avaliação pré-operatória sistemática dos pacientes que são submetidos a um rejuvenescimento cirúrgico de face e pescoço e o nosso diagrama de tomada de decisão. Métodos. Apresentamos a nossa lista de verificação pré-operatória (subdividida em 9 etapas) para identificar as variantes anatómicas e deformidades individuais. Utilizando o exame físico e a avaliação ecográfica da face e pescoço prevemos algumas variáveis que podem tornar a cirurgia mais previsível e padronizada. Para isso, criamos 7 passos para o Diagrama de Tomada de Decisão pré-operatório na Cirurgia de Rejuvenescimento da Face e Pescoço. Resultados. Cinquenta e nove pacientes foram submetidos a técnicas de lifting profundo da face e pescoço entre janeiro de 2019 e junho de 2021 utilizando o nosso diagrama de tomada de decisão. Demonstramos 2 casos clínicos. Conclusão. Neste artigo explicamos por que razão diferentes técnicas cirúrgicas devem ser oferecidas a diferentes pacientes, tendo em consideração as suas necessidades individuais. Utilizando esta lista de verificação e o diagrama de tomada de decisão, o cirurgião plástico poderá tomar decisões personalizadas antes da cirurgia, como a orientação da mobilização do retalho de SMAS, o tipo de tratamento da porção mais anterior do platisma ou a necessidade de abordagem e tratamento das estruturas cervicais subplatismais. Este trabalho visa reduzir a obtenção de resultados menos satisfatórios, diminuir os erros cirúrgicos e tornar a cirurgia mais rápida.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Background and objective. The evolution of surgical techniques for facial and neck rejuvenation has been significant over the last years. The choice of technique must be personalized according to the patient's ana- tomical details and specificities to provide individual and personalized results. This work aims to expose our systematic preoperative evaluation of the patients that will be submitted to a face and neck surgical rejuvenation and our decision-making diagram. Methods. We present our preoperative evaluation checklist (subdivided into 9 steps) to recognize the individual anatomical variants and deformities. Using the physical exam and ultrasound evaluation of the face and neck we predict some variables that can make surgery more predictable and standardized. To do so we apply our 7 steps of pre-operative Decision Making Diagram of Face and Neck Rejuvenation Surgery. Results. Fifty-nine patients were submitted to face and neck lift between January 2019 and June 2021 using deep plane cervico-facial techniques according to our decision-making diagram. We demonstrate 2 clinical cases. Conclusions. In this paper, we explain why different surgical techniques should be offered to different patients considering their individual needs. Using this checklist and decision-making diagram the surgeon will be able to make individualized decisions before surgery, such as SMAS flap lift vector direction, the type of the platysma treatment or the need for deep platysmal structures approach and treatment. This work aims to reduce the likelihood of obtaining less satisfactory results by decreasing surgical errors and making the surgery faster.

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          Most cited references27

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          The deep-plane rhytidectomy.

          Lack of significant improvement in redundant nasolabial folds has always been a problem in face lift procedures. The purpose of this paper is to describe the deep-plane rhytidectomy, which addresses the problem of laxity of the nasolabial folds. A Skoog-type sub-SMAS dissection is extended superiorly over the zygomaticus muscles and medially beyond the nasolabial folds, totally releasing all SMAS attachments and creating a thick musculocutaneous flap comprised of skin, all subcutaneous fat of the cheeks, and the platysma muscle. Four-hundred and three patients have been operated on with minimal complications. Dramatic postoperative improvements in the nasolabial folds are demonstrated, and the step-by-step techniques for the face and neck dissection are described.
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            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Surgical anatomy of the midcheek: facial layers, spaces, and the midcheek segments.

            This article describes the surgical anatomy of the midcheek. The article's key points: (1) Structurally, the midcheek is formed by the convergence of three components: the lid-cheek segment, the malar segment, and the nasolabial segment. (2) The midcheek skeleton provides the attachment for the muscles and ligaments of both the lower lid and the upper lip. (3) The midcheek contains proportionally more spaces and fewer ligaments than other parts of the face. (4) Each midcheek segment overlies a specific facial space. (5) The lid-cheek contour transition does not have a fixed relationship to the inferior orbital rim. (6) The youthful lid-cheek transition is above the orbital rim and the aged is below the rim. (7) Facial nerve branches course in predictable locations.
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              Corset platysmaplasty.

              Contemporary surgery to rejuvenate the aging neck commonly includes some type of platysma modification. Most currently used methods of platysmaplasty involve upper midline plication, muscle resection, or transection. These methods, however, have their shortcomings, often producing necks that display persistent or recurrent paramedian muscle bands, visible submandibular gland bulges, and various contour irregularities. Corset platysmaplasty was developed to avoid these postoperative imperfections. After an adequate subcutaneous and subplatysmal lipectomy has been performed, the two medial edges of the platysma are joined together with a continuous suture that runs down, and up, and down almost the full-height of the neck to create a smooth, flat, multilayered seam, leaving no free muscle edges to return as visible bands. Progressive side-to-side tightening along the midline seam defines the "waistline" of the neck. Additional submandibular suturing is then done to create strong, flat, vertical muscle pleats that correct submandibular gland bulging and refine the jawline and anterolateral neck contours. Corset platysmaplasty is useful for all patients with visible paramedian muscle bands and all patients who would benefit from having a decussated upper neck platysma opened for submuscular defatting, including patients with oblique, palpably firm necks that suggest a vertically short platysma muscle or low-lying hyoid bone. The paper is based on the results with 75 patients having undergone corset platysmaplasty, most having been followed for 1 to 3 years.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cpil
                Cirugía Plástica Ibero-Latinoamericana
                Cir. plást. iberolatinoam.
                Sociedad Española de Cirugía Plástica, Reparadora y Estética (SECPRE) (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0376-7892
                1989-2055
                September 2022
                : 48
                : 3
                : 257-270
                Affiliations
                [1] Lisboa orgnameUpClinic Cirurgia e Estética orgdiv1Departamento de Cirugia Plástica Portugal
                Article
                S0376-78922022000300257 S0376-7892(22)04800300257
                10.4321/s0376-78922022000300003
                f69a9905-f32f-4132-a57b-ef6c794eeac9

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 02 August 2022
                : 08 February 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 28, Pages: 14
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Estética

                Ecografia,Avaliação pré-operatória,Rejuvenescimento,Face,Pescoço,Ecografía,Valoración preoperatoria,Rejuvenecimiento,Cara,Cuello,Evaluación preoperatoria

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