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      Research Misconduct in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          As part of a cluster of articles critically reflecting on the theme of “no health without research,” Richard Smith and colleagues lay out what is currently known about research misconduct in low- and middle-income countries, summarizing some high profile cases and making suggestions on ways forward.

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          Scientists behaving badly.

          Brian Martinson, Melissa Anderson, Raymond de Vries (2005)
          Article 0 comments Cited 264 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            The ethics of clinical research in the Third World.

            M Angell (1997)
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              A Systematic Review of Research on the Meaning, Ethics and Practices of Authorship across Scholarly Disciplines

              Ana Marušić, Lana Bošnjak, Ana Jerončić (2011)
              Background The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate evidence about authorship issues and provide synthesis of research on authorship across all research fields. Methods We searched bibliographical databases to identify articles describing empirical quantitive or qualitative research from all scholarly fields on different aspects of authorship. Search was limited to original articles and reviews. Results The final sample consisted of 123 articles reporting results from 118 studies. Most studies came for biomedical and health research fields and social sciences. Study design was usually a survey (53%) or descriptive study (27%); only 2 studies used randomized design. We identified four 4 general themes common to all research disciplines: authorship perceptions, definitions and practices, defining order of authors on the byline, ethical and unethical authorship practices, and authorship issues related to student/non-research personnel-supervisor collaboration. For 14 survey studies, a meta-analysis showed a pooled weighted average of 29% (95% CI 24% to 35%) researchers reporting their own or others' experience with misuse of authorship. Authorship misuse was reported more often by researcher outside of the USA and UK: 55% (95% CI 45% to 64%) for 4 studies in France, South Africa, India and Bangladesh vs. 23% (95% CI 18% to 28%) in USA/UK or international journal settings. Interpretation High prevalence of authorship problems may have severe impact on the integrity of the research process, just as more serious forms of research misconduct. There is a need for more methodologically rigorous studies to understand the allocation of publication credit across research disciplines.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS Med
                Journal ID (publisher-id): PLoS
                Journal ID (pmc): plosmed
                Title: PLoS Medicine
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, USA )
                ISSN (Print): 1549-1277
                ISSN (Electronic): 1549-1676
                Publication date Collection: March 2013
                Publication date (Print): March 2013
                Publication date (Electronic): 26 March 2013
                Volume: 10
                Issue: 3
                Electronic Location Identifier: e1001315
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Calabar Women and Children Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
                [2 ]Faculty of Health Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria
                [3 ]ICDDR,B, Dhaka, Bangladesh
                [4 ]UnitedHealth Chronic Disease Initiative, London, United Kingdom
                [5 ]The George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
                Author notes

                RS was, as described in the article, much involved in the Singh case. He is also a trustee of the UK Research Integrity Office. All other authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Wrote the first draft of the manuscript: RS. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: RS TK JA LLY. ICMJE criteria for authorship read and met: RS TK JA LLY. Agree with manuscript results and conclusions: RS TK JA LLY. Discussed the subject, designed the survey, and sent it to colleagues, and gathered material from their own countries: RS TK JA LLY.

                Article
                Publisher ID: PMEDICINE-D-12-00820
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001315
                PMC ID: 3608538
                PubMed ID: 23555197
                SO-VID: f6c8b5b0-9a17-4fdf-8d49-e22d3f515b7b
                Copyright statement: Copyright @ 2013
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Related
                Policies and Initiatives Aimed at Addressing Research Misconduct in High-Income CountriesGetting Closer to a Fully Correctable and Connected Research Literature
                Page count
                Pages: 6
                Funding
                No specific funding was received for writing this article.
                Categories
                Subject: Essay
                Subject: Medicine

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine

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