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      Disinfection of aircraft : Appropriate disinfectants and standard operating procedures for highly infectious diseases Translated title: Flugzeugdesinfektion : Geeignete Desinfektionsmittel und Standardverfahren bei hochansteckenden Krankheiten

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          Abstract

          For infectious diseases caused by highly pathogenic agents (e. g., Ebola/Lassa fever virus, SARS-/MERS-CoV, pandemic influenza virus) which have the potential to spread over several continents within only a few days, international Health Protection Authorities have taken appropriate measures to limit the consequences of a possible spread. A crucial point in this context is the disinfection of an aircraft that had a passenger on board who is suspected of being infected with one of the mentioned diseases. Although, basic advice on hygiene and sanitation on board an aircraft is given by the World Health Organization, these guidelines lack details on available and effective substances as well as standardized operating procedures (SOP). The purpose of this paper is to give guidance on the choice of substances that were tested by a laboratory of Lufthansa Technik and found compatible with aircraft components, as well as to describe procedures which ensure a safe and efficient disinfection of civil aircrafts. This guidance and the additional SOPs are made public and are available as mentioned in this paper.

          Zusammenfassung

          Weltweit haben Gesundheitsbehörden geeignete Maßnahmen getroffen, um die Verbreitung infektiöser Krankheiten zu begrenzen. Erkrankungen, die durch hochpathogene Erreger (wie z. B. Ebola-/Lassa-Fieber-Viren, SARS-/MERS-CoV, pandemische Grippeviren) ausgelöst werden, haben das Potenzial, sich innerhalb weniger Tage auf mehreren Kontinenten zu verbreiten. In diesem Zusammenhang ist die zügige und qualifizierte Desinfektion eines Verkehrsflugzeugs, das einen (möglicherweise) infizierten Passagier an Bord hat, ein entscheidender Punkt. Trotz vorhandener grundlegender Richtlinien seitens der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) zur Hygiene an Bord von Flugzeugen fehlt es an detaillierten Hinweisen zu Desinfektionsstandards und zu verwendenden Produkten, die sowohl in der Wirksamkeit, aber auch im Sinne der Materialverträglichkeit für Flugzeugkomponenten unbedingt notwendig sind. Diese Abhandlung soll zeigen, wie mit einer Auswahl an Produkten, die für Flugzeugteile materialverträglich sind, mittels festgelegter Anwendungstechniken eine sichere und effiziente Desinfektion von zivilen Flugzeugen gewährleistet werden kann. Diese Standardverfahren werden der Öffentlichkeit im Sinne einer Leitlinie zur Verfügung gestellt.

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          Most cited references14

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          Spread of a novel influenza A (H1N1) virus via global airline transportation.

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            Forecast and Control of Epidemics in a Globalized World

            The rapid worldwide spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) demonstrated the potential threat an infectious disease poses in a closely interconnected and interdependent world. Here we introduce a probabilistic model which describes the worldwide spreading of infectious diseases and demonstrate that a forecast of the geographical spread of epidemics is indeed possible. It combines a stochastic local infection dynamics between individuals with stochastic transport in a worldwide network which takes into account the national and international civil aviation traffic. Our simulations of the SARS outbreak are in suprisingly good agreement with published case reports. We show that the high degree of predictability is caused by the strong heterogeneity of the network. Our model can be used to predict the worldwide spreading of future infectious diseases and to identify endangered regions in advance. The performance of different control strategies is analyzed and our simulations show that a quick and focused reaction is essential to inhibit the global spreading of epidemics.
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              An outbreak of influenza aboard a commercial airliner.

              A jet airliner with 54 persons aboard was delayed on the ground for three hours because of engine failure during a takeoff attempt. Most passengers stayed on the airplane during the delay. Within 72 hours, 72 per cent of the passengers became ill with symptoms of cough, fever, fatigue, headache, sore throat and myalgia. One passenger, the apparent index case, was ill on the airplane, and the clinical attack rate among the others varied with the amount of time spent aboard. Virus antigenically similar to A/Texas/1/77(H3N2) was isolated from 8 of 31 passengers cultured, and 20 of 22 ill persons tested had serologic evidence of infection with this virus. The airplane ventilation system was inoperative during the delay and this may account for the high attack rate.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Joachim.Klaus@dlh.de
                Journal
                Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz
                Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz
                Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz
                Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )
                1436-9990
                1437-1588
                26 October 2016
                26 October 2016
                2016
                : 59
                : 12
                : 1544-1548
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Occupational Safety Flight Operations, Department FRA PX/O, Lufthansa Basis – Tor 21, Lufthansa German Airlines, 60546 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
                [2 ]Lufthansa Technik AG, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
                [3 ]Hesse Ministry of Social Affairs and Integration, Wiesbaden, Germany
                [4 ]Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure, Berlin, Germany
                [5 ]Fraport AG Frankfurt Airport Services Worldwide, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
                [6 ]Health Protection Authority and Competence Network for Highly Pathogenic Agents, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
                Article
                2460
                10.1007/s00103-016-2460-2
                5122611
                27785522
                f6cd575e-6494-4445-a43a-6be8116f31f3
                © The Author(s) 2016

                Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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                © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016

                air traffic,highly infectious diseases,disinfection of aircraft,standardized operating procedures,substances for disinfection,luftverkehr,hochansteckende krankheiten,desinfektion von flugzeugen,standardverfahren,produkte zur desinfektion

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