This chapter documents the procedures and methods used for shipboard and shore-based measurements and analyses during International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 370. During Expedition 370, we conducted riserless drilling to 1180.0 m drilling depth below seafloor (DSF) and collected 112 core samples in IODP Hole C0023A. In order to meet the expedition goals, microbial cells and activities needed to be detected down to the detection limits of existing methods. Therefore, contamination control and quality assurance (QA) were of crucial importance. An extensive set of measurements was carried out on board the D/V Chikyu, and selected samples were transported to the Kochi Core Center (KCC) by helicopter for further analysis. All shipboard and shore-based scientists contributed to the completion of this volume.