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      Factores asociados al desarrollo de dolor lumbar en nueve ocupaciones de riesgo en la serranía peruana Translated title: Factors associated with the development of lumbar pain in nine risk occupations in the Peruvian mountains

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción: El dolor lumbar en los últimos años se ha convertido en un gran problema de salud pública, ya que, distintas actividades físicas y factores relacionados con la ocupación pueden agravar el cuadro llevándolos a la incapacidad laboral. Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados al desarrollo de dolor lumbar en las ocupaciones de riesgo en la serranía peruana. Metodología: Estudio analítico prospectivo de corte transversal, desarrollado en Huancayo a través de encuestas a nueve ocupaciones en riesgo de desarrollar dolor lumbar (personal de construcción, vigilantes, policías, enfermeras, personal de limpieza, personal administrativo, profesores, agricultores y taxistas). Se obtuvieron datos estadísticos asociados a dolor lumbar y factores de riesgo en dichas ocupaciones. Resultados: De los 900 trabajadores evaluados, el 98% (797) manifestaron que tuvieron dolor lumbar, siendo más frecuente en varones (RPc: 1,05; IC95%: 1,05-1,10; p=0,041) asociado a los que tenías más edad (RPa: 1,004; IC95%: 1,001-1,006; p=0,019) y a mayor cantidad de horas de trabajo por día (RPa: 1,038; IC95%: 1,022-1,053; p<0,001). Se encontró una mayor frecuencia de dolor lumbar entre los vigilantes (RPc: 1,23; IC95%: 1,08-1,39; p=0,002), los de construcción (RPc: 1,29 IC95%: 1,15-1,46; p<0,001), los administrativos (RPc:1,28; IC95%:1,14-1,44; p<0,001), los de limpieza (RPc: 1,33; IC95%:1,19-1,49; p=0,016) y los agricultores (RPc:1,33 IC95%: 1,19-1,49; p=0,001); por el contrario, los que hacían más actividad física por semana tenían menos dolor lumbar (RPc: 0,93; IC95%: 0,91-0,96; p<0,001). Conclusión: En este estudio se concluye que existe una fuerte relación entre los factores asociados a dolor lumbar en estas ocupaciones de riesgo; como a mayor edad y más horas de trabajo ya que aumenta su predisposición; se relaciona directamente con la posición en la que optan para realizar la actividad, encontrando así una mayor asociación con incapacidad laboral.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Introduction: Low back pain in recent years has become a major public health problem, since different physical activities and factors related to occupation can aggravate the condition, leading to incapacity for work. Objective: To identify the factors associated with the development of low back pain in risky occupations in the Peruvian mountains. Methodology: Prospective cross-sectional analytical study, developed in Huancayo through surveys of nine occupations at risk of developing low back pain (construction personnel, security guards, police, nurses, cleaning personnel, administrative personnel, teachers, farmers, and taxi drivers). Statistical data were obtained on the association of low back pain and risk factors in these occupations. Results: Of the 900 workers evaluated, 98% (797) stated that they had low back pain, being more frequent in men (RPc: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.05-1.10; p = 0.041) associated with that you were older (RPa: 1,004; 95% CI: 1,001-1,006; p = 0.019) and more hours of work per day (RPa: 1,038; 95% CI: 1,022-1,053; p <0.001). A higher frequency of low back pain was found among the watchmen (RPc: 1,23; IC95%: 1,08-1,39; p = 0.002), the construction workers (RPc: 1,29 IC95%: 1,15-1,46; p <0.001), the administrative ones (RPc:1,28; IC95%:1,14-1,44; p <0.001), the cleaning ones (RPc: 1,33; IC95%:1,19-1,49; p = 0.016) and the farmers (RPc:1,33 IC95%: 1,19-1,49; p = 0.001). ; in contrast, those who did more physical activity per week had less low back pain (RPc: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.91-0.96, p <0.001). Conclusion: This study concludes that there is a strong relationship between the factors associated with low back pain in these risky occupations; As an older person and more hours of work, the predisposition for low back pain increases, since it is directly related to the position in which they choose to carry out the activity, thus finding a greater association with incapacity for work.

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          Estimating the global burden of low back pain attributable to combined occupational exposures.

          There is little information about the global burden of non-traumatic low back pain (LBP) attributable to the effects of physical and psychosocial occupational stressors. Based on a review of the epidemiological evidence, occupation-specific relative risks were used to compute attributable proportions by age, gender, and geographical sub-region for the economically active population aged 15 and older. The reference group was professional/administrative workers; other risk categories were Low, clerical and sales; Moderate, operators (production workers) and service; and High, farmers. Worldwide, 37% of LBP was attributed to occupation, with twofold variation across regions. The attributable proportion was higher for men than women, because of higher participation in the labor force and in occupations with heavy lifting or whole-body vibration. Work-related LBP was estimated to cause 818,000 disability-adjusted life years lost annually. Occupational exposures to ergonomic stressors represent a substantial source of preventable back pain. Specific research on children is needed to quantify the global burden of disease due to child labor. 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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            Potential Risk Factors of Persistent Low Back Pain Developing from Mild Low Back Pain in Urban Japanese Workers

            Study Design Two-year, prospective cohort data from the Japan epidemiological research of occupation-related back pain study in urban settings were used for this analysis. Objective To examine the association between aggravated low back pain and psychosocial factors among Japanese workers with mild low back pain. Summary of Background Data Although psychosocial factors are strongly indicated as yellow flags of low back pain (LBP) leading to disability, the association between aggravated LBP and psychosocial factors has not been well assessed in Japanese workers. Methods At baseline, 5,310 participants responded to a self-administered questionnaire including questions about individual characteristics, ergonomic work demands, and work-related psychosocial factors (response rate: 86.5%), with 3,811 respondents completing the 1-year follow-up questionnaire. The target outcome was aggravation of mild LBP into persistent LBP during the follow-up period. Incidence was calculated for the participants with mild LBP during the past year at baseline. Logistic regression was used to explore risk factors associated with persistent LBP. Results Of 1,675 participants who had mild LBP during the preceding year, 43 (2.6%) developed persistent LBP during the follow-up year. Multivariate analyses adjusted for individual factors and an ergonomic factor found statistically significant or almost significant associations of the following psychosocial factors with persistent LBP: interpersonal stress at work [adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.96 and 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.00–3.82], job satisfaction (OR: 2.34, 95%CI: 1.21–4.54), depression (OR: 1.92, 95%CI: 1.00–3.69), somatic symptoms (OR: 2.78, 95%CI: 1.44–5.40), support from supervisors (OR: 2.01, 95%CI: 1.05–3.85), previous sick-leave due to LBP (OR: 1.94, 95%CI: 0.98–3.86) and family history of LBP with disability (OR: 1.98, 95%CI: 1.04–3.78). Conclusions Psychosocial factors are important risk factors for persistent LBP in urban Japanese workers. It may be necessary to take psychosocial factors into account, along with physical work demands, to reduce LBP related disability.
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              Contribución al estudio de la lumbalgia inespecífica

              La lumbalgia es un problema que se caracteriza por la alta prevalencia en la población y por sus grandes repercusiones económicas y sociales, ya que se ha convertido en una de las primeras causas de absentismo laboral. En la lumbalgia se produce una asociación entre factores musculares y psicosociales que generan conductas de evitación, miedo y atrofia muscular, provocando un círculo vicioso que favorece la cronificación y la incapacidad. Cerca del 90 % de los casos no presentan algún tipo de lesión demostrable, por lo que el problema se cataloga como una lumbalgia inespecífica. Contrariamente a lo que antiguamente se pensaba, el reposo está contraindicado, pues debilita y atrofia la musculatura de la espalda. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica donde se aclaran muchas incógnitas relacionadas con el problema de la lumbalgia, fundamentándose en sólidas argumentaciones científicas que ayudan y facilitan la compresión del proceso.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                medtra
                Revista de la Asociación Española de Especialistas en Medicina del Trabajo
                Rev Asoc Esp Espec Med Trab
                Asociación Española de Especialistas en Medicina del Trabajo (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1132-6255
                3020-1160
                2021
                : 30
                : 1
                : 48-56
                Affiliations
                [1] Huancayo Estado de México orgnameUniversidad Continental Mexico
                [3] Huancayo Estado de México orgnameUniversidad Continental Mexico
                [2] Huancayo Estado de México orgnameUniversidad Continental Mexico
                Article
                S3020-11602021000100048 S3020-1160(21)03000100048
                f6f07797-8615-46e3-9706-bd1eca421afd

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 23 July 2020
                : 03 April 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 22, Pages: 9
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                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Textos Originales

                Dolor lumbar,ocupaciones,salud ocupacional,Perú,Low back pain,occupation,occupational health,Peru

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