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      Vesiclepedia: A Compendium for Extracellular Vesicles with Continuous Community Annotation

      research-article
      1 , 1 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 19 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 19 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 1 , *
      PLoS Biology
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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Vesiclepedia is a community-annotated compendium of molecular data on extracellular vesicles.

          Abstract

          Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membraneous vesicles released by a variety of cells into their microenvironment. Recent studies have elucidated the role of EVs in intercellular communication, pathogenesis, drug, vaccine and gene-vector delivery, and as possible reservoirs of biomarkers. These findings have generated immense interest, along with an exponential increase in molecular data pertaining to EVs. Here, we describe Vesiclepedia, a manually curated compendium of molecular data (lipid, RNA, and protein) identified in different classes of EVs from more than 300 independent studies published over the past several years. Even though databases are indispensable resources for the scientific community, recent studies have shown that more than 50% of the databases are not regularly updated. In addition, more than 20% of the database links are inactive. To prevent such database and link decay, we have initiated a continuous community annotation project with the active involvement of EV researchers. The EV research community can set a gold standard in data sharing with Vesiclepedia, which could evolve as a primary resource for the field.

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          Most cited references18

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          Membrane-derived microvesicles: important and underappreciated mediators of cell-to-cell communication.

          Normal and malignant cells shed from their surface membranes as well as secrete from the endosomal membrane compartment circular membrane fragments called microvesicles (MV). MV that are released from viable cells are usually smaller in size compared to the apoptotic bodies derived from damaged cells and unlike them do not contain fragmented DNA. Growing experimental evidence indicates that MV are an underappreciated component of the cell environment and play an important pleiotropic role in many biological processes. Generally, MV are enriched in various bioactive molecules and may (i) directly stimulate cells as a kind of 'signaling complex', (ii) transfer membrane receptors, proteins, mRNA and organelles (e.g., mitochondria) between cells and finally (iii) deliver infectious agents into cells (e.g., human immuno deficiency virus, prions). In this review, we discuss the pleiotropic effects of MV that are important for communication between cells, as well as the role of MV in carcinogenesis, coagulation, immune responses and modulation of susceptibility/infectability of cells to retroviruses or prions.
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            Exosomes released by melanoma cells prepare sentinel lymph nodes for tumor metastasis.

            Exosomes are naturally occurring biological nanovesicles utilized by tumors to communicate signals to local and remote cells and tissues. Melanoma exosomes can incite a proangiogenic signaling program capable of remodeling tissue matrices. In this study, we show exosome-mediated conditioning of lymph nodes and define microanatomic responses that license metastasis of melanoma cells. Homing of melanoma exosomes to sentinel lymph nodes imposes synchronized molecular signals that effect melanoma cell recruitment, extracellular matrix deposition, and vascular proliferation in the lymph nodes. Our findings highlight the pathophysiologic role and mechanisms of an exosome-mediated process of microanatomic niche preparation that facilitates lymphatic metastasis by cancer cells.
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              Exosomes: a common pathway for a specialized function.

              Exosomes are membrane vesicles that are released by cells upon fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. Their molecular composition reflects their origin in endosomes as intraluminal vesicles. In addition to a common set of membrane and cytosolic molecules, exosomes harbor unique subsets of proteins linked to cell type-associated functions. Exosome secretion participates in the eradication of obsolete proteins but several findings, essentially in the immune system, indicate that exosomes constitute a potential mode of intercellular communication. Release of exosomes by tumor cells and their implication in the propagation of unconventional pathogens such as prions suggests their participation in pathological situations. These findings open up new therapeutic and diagnostic strategies.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                PLoS Biol
                PLoS Biol
                plos
                plosbiol
                PLoS Biology
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, USA )
                1544-9173
                1545-7885
                December 2012
                December 2012
                18 December 2012
                : 10
                : 12
                : e1001450
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
                [2 ]Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
                [3 ]Tumor Immunology Programme, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
                [4 ]Department of Medicine, Yale Medical School, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
                [5 ]Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
                [6 ]IVECAT, LIRAD-BST, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Dept de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
                [7 ]Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
                [8 ]Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
                [9 ]Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
                [10 ]Department of Internal Medicine, Centre for Molecular Biotechnology and Centre for Research in Experimental Medicine, Torino, Italy
                [11 ]Institute of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Velindre Cancer Centre, Whitchurch, Cardiff, United Kingdom
                [12 ]Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
                [13 ]Immune Disease Institute and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine at Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
                [14 ]Metabolomics Unit, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Technology Park of Bizkaia, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
                [15 ]IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
                [16 ]Translational Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
                [17 ]Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
                [18 ]Center of Bioinformatics, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
                [19 ]Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore, India
                [20 ]Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
                [21 ]Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
                [22 ]Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, United Kingdom
                [23 ]Department of Urology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
                [24 ]Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
                [25 ]A*STAR Institute of Medical Biology and Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
                [26 ]Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
                [27 ]Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
                [28 ]Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Parasitología, Universitat de València, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
                [29 ]Department of Clinical Microbiology/Clinical Immunology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
                [30 ]Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
                [31 ]Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
                [32 ]Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
                [33 ]McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
                [34 ]Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
                [35 ]Department of Oncology and Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
                [36 ]Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
                [37 ]Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
                [38 ]Center for Brain Repair and Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
                [39 ]Systems and Cell Biology of Neurodegeneration, Division of Psychiatry Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
                [40 ]Institut Curie, Paris, France
                [41 ]Cancer Researaud, Toulouse, France
                [42 ]Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
                [43 ]Servicio de Inmunologia, Hospital de la Princesa, Universidad Autonoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
                [44 ]Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
                [45 ]Department of Biosciences, Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Finland
                [46 ]Institute for Biotechnology, University of Aalborg, Denmark
                [47 ]Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
                [48 ]Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health and James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
                [49 ]Institut Curie Centre de Recherche, Paris, France
                [50 ]INSERM U932, Paris, France
                [51 ]Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
                [52 ]Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
                [53 ]Cardiovascular Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
                [54 ]UMR 5235 CNRS-University Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
                [55 ]Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Life Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
                [56 ]Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain
                [57 ]Department of Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
                Author notes

                ¶ Only these authors are not listed alphabetically by their last name.

                The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                The Community Page is a forum for organizations and societies to highlight their efforts to enhance the dissemination and value of scientific knowledge.

                Article
                PBIOLOGY-D-12-03803
                10.1371/journal.pbio.1001450
                3525526
                23271954
                f73d1445-a5b0-4e92-8a49-bb676684e92b
                Copyright @ 2012

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Page count
                Pages: 5
                Funding
                This work was supported by a NH&MRC fellowship (1016599) and LIMS fellowship to SM. Part of tool development for data upload into Vesiclepedia was funded by the eResearch Office at La Trobe University with programming support from the Victorian eResearch Strategic Initiative (VeRSI). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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