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      • Record: found
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      Effects of Intravitreal Injection of Botulinum Toxin on the Electroretinogram of Rats

      research-article
      Author(s): , ,
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Ophthalmic Research
      Publisher: S. Karger AG
      Keywords: Botulinum toxin, Electroretinogram, Rat

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          The retinal toxicity of botulinum toxin A (BTA) was electroretinographically studied in rats. Sixteen rats were injected intravitreally with 10 ng of BTA. A response-amplitude series was recorded before and 1, 6, 13 and 21 days after the injection of BTA. BTA did not alter the amplitude and the peak latency of the a-wave. The amplitude of the b-wave was not changed except for 2 rats, in which the b-wave was diminished. The peak latency of the b-wave was significantly prolonged after injection of 10 ng BTA (p < 0.05). Except for these latter 2 rats, the results indicated that the dosage used therapeutically appears to have no deleterious effect on retinal integrity or function at least in the short term, but multiple injections or higher doses of BTA could alter retinal function.

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          Most cited references2

          • Record: found
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          Autoradiographic localization of high affinity GABA, benzodiazepine, dopaminergic, adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the rat, monkey and human retina.

          M.A. Zarbin, J.K. Wamsley, J.M. Palacios … (1986)
          High affinity gamma-aminobutyric acid, benzodiazepine, strychnine (glycine), dopamine, spirodecanone, alpha 1-adrenergic, alpha 2-adrenergic, beta-adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic binding sites were localized by semiquantitative autoradiography in rat and, in some instances, in monkey and human retinae using [3H]muscimol, [3H]flunitrazepam, [3H]strychnine, [3H]spiperone, [3H]prazosin, [3H]para-aminoclonidine, [3H]dihydroalprenolol and [3H]quinuclidinyl benzylate, respectively. In nearly every case, the inner plexiform layer (IP) contained a high receptor density. The distribution of alpha 1 sites was unusual in that binding was concentrated in the outer plexiform layer (OP). Dopaminergic and, to a lesser extent, beta-adrenergic binding was diffusely distributed in the outer nuclear layer, the OP, the inner nuclear layer and the IP. The ganglion cell layer displayed significant benzodiazepine binding. The intraretinal distribution of pre- and postsynaptic markers of these neurotransmitters is discussed.
          Article 0 comments Cited 13 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            • Record: found
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            Transmitter-related studies in the isolated, perfused eye of the cat

            G Niemeyer, C Albani, R. Schuurmans (1981)
            Article 0 comments Cited 1 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Author and article information

              Journal
              Journal ID (publisher-id): ORE
              Journal ID (nlm-ta): Ophthalmic Res
              Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.0030-3747
              Title: Ophthalmic Research
              Publisher: S. Karger AG
              ISSN (Print): 0030-3747
              ISSN (Electronic): 1423-0259
              Publication date Subscription-year: 1999
              Publication date (Print): December 1999
              Publication date (Electronic): 30 September 1999
              Volume: 31
              Issue: 6
              Pages: 392-398
              Affiliations
              Department of Ophthalmology, Chiba University School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
              Article
              Publisher ID: 55563 Other ID: Ophthalmic Res 1999;31:392–398
              DOI: 10.1159/000055563
              PubMed ID: 10474067
              SO-VID: f7424f68-0ef0-4303-938a-b7419a0cb3f4
              Copyright © © 1999 S. Karger AG, Basel
              License:

              Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

              History
              Page count
              Figures: 4, References: 29, Pages: 7
              Categories
              Subject: Original Paper

              ScienceOpen disciplines: Vision sciences,Ophthalmology & Optometry,Pathology
              Keywords: Electroretinogram,Rat,Botulinum toxin
              Data availability:
              ScienceOpen disciplines: Vision sciences, Ophthalmology & Optometry, Pathology
              Keywords: Electroretinogram, Rat, Botulinum toxin

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