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      Metastatic malignant melanoma of the urinary bladder: Case report and literature review

      case-report

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          Abstract

          Metastatic malignant melanoma of the urinary bladder is a rare clinical finding suggestive of advanced disease. Only 17 cases have been described in the English literature.

          We present a case of an 84-year-old male who was referred to the urology department with the incidental finding of bladder metastases on computed tomography (CT) one year following the diagnosis of malignant melanoma of the skin. Herein, we will discuss epidemiology, prognosis, and management options of metastatic malignant melanoma based on literature review.

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          Malignant non-urothelial neoplasms of the urinary bladder: a review.

          Philipp Dahm, Jurgen Gschwend (2003)
          Non-urothelial bladder tumors frequently present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. We review the peer-reviewed literature to summarize the available evidence on the etiology, diagnosis and optimal management of malignant non-urothelial bladder tumors. A comprehensive MEDLINE database search was performed. In addition, the proceedings of recent national and international urological and cancer society meetings were reviewed. Primary non-urothelial bladder tumors are rare in Europe and North America representing less than 5% of all bladder lesions combined. A large number of risk factors have been implicated in the etiology of non-schistosomiasis-related squamous cell carcinoma, yet their exact pathomechanism remains poorly defined. Squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, small cell carcinoma, sarcoma and carcinosarcoma/sarcomatoid tumors share an unfavorable prognosis despite aggressive surgical management that relates both to an aggressive biological behaviour as well as to an often times advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. Inflammatory pseudotumors are benign tumors of uncertain histogenesis that may mimic sarcomas. Paraganglioma, primary melanoma and lymphoma represent additional, exceedingly rare bladder tumors. The systematic investigation of most non-urothelial bladder tumors is limited by the rarity of these lesions. A concerted effort of multiple institutions linked together in a national or international tumor registry will be necessary to advance our understanding of these tumors, evaluate treatment strategies and optimize patient outcome in the future.
          Article 0 comments Cited 84 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Secondary neoplasms of the bladder are histological mimics of nontransitional cell primary tumours: clinicopathological and histological features of 282 cases.

            S Baithun, Paul A Bates (1999)
            The incidence, anatomical localization and histological appearances of secondary neoplasms of the urinary bladder are described, with emphasis on the points of distinction from primary tumours. A retrospective study of cases at the Royal Hospitals Trust yielded a total of 282 secondary bladder neoplasms, representing 2.3% of all malignant bladder tumours in surgical specimens. The commonest primary sites were the colon (21% of secondary neoplasms), prostate (19%), rectum (12%) and cervix (11%). Most tumours from these sites reached the bladder by direct spread. The most common sites of origin of tumours metastatic to the bladder were stomach (4.3% of all secondary bladder neoplasms), skin (3.9%), lung (2.8%), and breast (2.5%). Secondary tumour deposits were almost always solitary (96.7%), and 54% were located in the bladder neck or trigone. Histologically, 54% of secondary tumours were adenocarcinomas. Immunohistochemical staining patterns with prostate-specific acid phosphatase, prostate-specific antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, chromogranin and neurone-specific enolase were similar in primary vesical and urachal adenocarcinomas and secondary adenocarcinomas from the gastrointestinal tract. The incidence of secondary bladder tumours is comparable to that of nontransitional cell primary tumours. Few secondary tumours have distinctive histological features, hence knowledge of the history and clinical investigations are particularly important in their diagnosis.
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              Early complications of endoscopic treatment for superficial bladder tumors.

              Javier A. Collado, G E Chéchile, Michelle Salvador … (2000)
              Bladder tumors are the second most common tumors of the genitourinary system. Approximately 80% of patients initially present with a superficial lesion, which is treated with transurethral resection. Although transurethral resection is a standard procedure, it is not morbidity-free. We assessed the early complications of transurethral resection for superficial bladder cancer and analyzed various factors that may contribute to its occurrence. Between January 1979 and December 1996, 2,821 patients with superficial bladder cancer underwent transurethral resection at our center. We assessed intraoperative and immediate postoperative complications of the initial transurethral resection procedure, and correlated them with tumor characteristics. Of the 2,821 patients in our study 2,461 (87%) were male and 360 (13%) were female. Average age was 65 years (range 16 to 94). Of the 145 complications (5.1%) the most common were bleeding in 78 patients (2.8%) and bladder perforation in 36 (1. 3%). Perforation was extraperitoneal in 30 cases (83%) and intraperitoneal in 6 (17%). Conservative treatment and open surgery were done in 32 (89%) and 4 (11%) patients, respectively. We noted no case of tumor seeding. A repeat procedure was done in 77 patients (2.7%) with bleeding as the leading cause of repeat intervention in 65 (84%). Blood transfusion was required in 96 cases (3.4%). The incidence of complications significantly correlated with the size and number of tumors but there was no association with tumor stage, grade or location. The most common complication of transurethral resection for superficial bladder cancer is bleeding. Currently bladder perforation should be managed conservatively with a minimum risk of extravesical tumor seeding. Our results imply that tumor size and multiple tumor resection are associated with a higher complication rate.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Cent European J Urol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Cent European J Urol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CEJU
                Title: Central European Journal of Urology
                Publisher: Polish Urological Association
                ISSN (Print): 2080-4806
                ISSN (Electronic): 2080-4873
                Publication date (Electronic): 11 December 2012
                Publication date (Print): 2012
                Volume: 65
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 232-234
                Affiliations
                Bedford Hospital, Department of Urology, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom
                Author notes
                Correspondence Michał Sut, 2 Beatrice Court, Hinton Way, Great Shelford, Cambridge, CB22 5AD, United Kingdom. phone: +44 770 497 7055. michalsut@ 123456yahoo.co.uk
                Article
                Publisher ID: 00225
                DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2012.04.art13
                PMC ID: 3921808
                PubMed ID: 24578971
                SO-VID: f746bb26-fa49-4457-9083-a1a219dfd959
                Copyright © Copyright by Polish Urological Association
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License, permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 08 May 2012
                Date revision received : 23 August 2012
                Date accepted : 27 August 2012
                Categories
                Subject: Case Reports

                Keywords: malignant melanoma,bladder metastases,hematuria
                Data availability:
                Keywords: malignant melanoma, bladder metastases, hematuria

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