The Impact of Edentulism on Oral and General Health

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Abstract

An adequate dentition is of importance for well-being and life quality. Despite advances in preventive dentistry, edentulism is still a major public health problem worldwide. In this narrative review, we provide a perspective on the pathways that link oral to general health. A better understanding of disease indicators is necessary for establishing a solid strategy through an organized oral health care system to prevent and treat this morbid chronic condition.

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It has been suggested that the provision of dental implants can improve the oral function of subjects with severely resorbed mandibles, possibly restoring function to the level experienced by satisfied wearers of conventional complete dentures. Nevertheless, a quantitative comparison has never been made and can be drawn from the literature only with difficulty, since studies differ greatly in methodology. To make such a comparison, we measured bite force and chewing efficiency by using identical methods in subjects with overdentures, complete full dentures, and natural dentitions. Our results indicated that bite forces achieved with overdentures on dental implants were between those achieved with artificial and natural dentitions. Chewing efficiency was significantly greater than that of subjects with full dentures (low mandible), but was still lower than that of subjects with full dentures (high mandible) and overdentures on bare roots. Differences in the height of the mandible revealed significant differences in chewing efficiency between the two full-denture groups. Furthermore, subjects with a shortened dental arch exerted bite forces similar to those of subjects with a complete-natural dentition, but their chewing efficiency was limited due to the reduced occlusal area. For all groups combined, a significant correlation was found between maximum bite force and chewing efficiency. Nearly half of the variation in chewing efficiency was explained by bite force alone.

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Older adults and patients in need of nutritional support: review of current treatment options and factors influencing nutritional intake.

Willem F Nieuwenhuizen, Hugo Weenen, Paul Rigby … (2010)

Many older adults and patients do not achieve sufficient nutritional intake to support their minimal needs and are at risk of, or are suffering from, (protein-energy) malnutrition. Better understanding of current treatment options and factors determining nutritional intake, may help design new strategies to solve this multifactorial problem. Medline, Science Citation Index, ScienceDirect and Google databases (until December 2008) were searched with the keywords malnutrition, elderly, older adults, food intake, energy density, variety, taste, satiety, and appetite. 37 Factors affecting nutritional intake were identified and divided in three categories; those related to the environment, the person, and the food. For older adults in nursing homes, encouragement by carers and an appropriate ambiance seem particularly important. Meal fortification, offering variety, providing frequent small meals, snacks and particularly Oral Nutritional Supplements (ONS) between meals are other possibilities for this group. Product factors that stimulate intake include palatability, high energy density, low volume, and liquid format. The current review gives a comprehensive overview of factors affecting nutritional intake and may help carers to improve nutritional intake in their patients. The product factors identified here suggest that especially small volume, energy and nutrient dense ONS can be effective to improve nutritional intake. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Dent

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Dent

Journal ID (publisher-id): IJD

Title: International Journal of Dentistry

Publisher: Hindawi Publishing Corporation

ISSN (Print): 1687-8728

ISSN (Electronic): 1687-8736

Publication date (Print): 2013

Publication date (Electronic): 8 May 2013

Volume: 2013

Electronic Location Identifier: 498305

Affiliations

¹Département de Dentisterie et de Restauration, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7

²Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo, 14040-904 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil

³Oral Health and Society Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 0C7

⁴Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1A2

Author notes

*Elham Emami: elham.emami@ 123456umontreal.ca

Academic Editor: Yasuhiro Morimoto

Article

DOI: 10.1155/2013/498305

PMC ID: 3664508

PubMed ID: 23737789

SO-VID: f7c25eb3-f584-438a-9ec9-31dd2e083562

License:

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date received : 8 January 2013

Date revision received : 15 April 2013

Date accepted : 15 April 2013

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