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      Malformación vascular capilar y venosa en la mano. Reporte de caso de una extraña patología quirúrgica Translated title: Vascular capillary and venous malformation in the hand. Case report of a strange surgical pathology

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: Las anomalías vasculares representan un amplio panorama de distintas lesiones donde los tumores son los más frecuentes. Las malformaciones vasculares suelen presentarse en etapas tardías de la vida secundarias al lento crecimiento y a los síntomas que padecen los pacientes. Debe de darse un manejo multidisciplinario donde el diagnóstico es la piedra angular. Los casos de malformaciones venosas o linfáticas suelen tratarse mediante la resección de la malformación en su totalidad. Presentación del caso clínico: Varón de 35 años de edad quién presenta aumento de volumen y dolor de 3 meses de evolución en la mano derecha. A la exploración física se observa una masa en la región tenar de dicha mano, con bordes bien definidos de aproximadamente 3 × 3 cm, no móvil, adherida a planos profundos, dolorosa a palpación, con hiperestesias en trayecto del nervio mediano. Se realizaron ultrasonido Doppler y resonancia magnética, los cuales sugirieron una lesión vascular. Se realizó exploración quirúrgica y se observó una lesión vascular adherida a las estructuras nerviosa y tendinosa, las cuales se liberaron y se extrajo la tumoración. Se envió la pieza quirúrgica a patología, que reportó hemangioma capilar y venoso. Conclusiones: Las malformaciones vasculares mixtas (venoso y capilar) en la mano son una entidad poco frecuente que requiere de un manejo quirúrgico preciso. Estas lesiones generan síntomas asociados al aumento de volumen, entre los que destacan: dolor, disminución del rango de movimientos. El tratamiento quirúrgico se asocia a una mejoría de los síntomas.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction: Vascular anomalies in the hand represent a rare disease that needs an accurate diagnosis and prompt surgical treatment. One of the uncommon anomalies is the mixed vascular one. The diagnosis of these malformations is clinical but radiological studies such as magnetic resonance and Doppler ultrasound are mandatory. Once the diagnosis is made, surgery is the next and final step. Recurrence is rare when the entire tumor is resected. Clinical Case Study: A 35-year-old male presented with an increase in volume and pain of three months of evolution in the right hand. On physical examination, a mass in the righthand thenar region was observed, with well-defined edges of approximately 3 x 3 cm, not mobile, adhered to deep planes, painful to palpation, with hyperesthesias in the median nerve pathway. A magnetic resonance and a Doppler ultrasound were applied showing a well-circumscribed tumor. The patient underwent surgery and the whole vascular malformation was removed with no damage of neighbor structures. Pathology reported a venous and capillary hemangioma. Conclusions: Mixed vascular malformations in the hand are uncommon pathologies that require a correct diagnosis and a prompt surgical resolution. The most frequent symptoms associated with these tumors are: tenderness, pain and limitation in the movement of the hand. Surgical treatment is always recommended.

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          Surgical treatment of hemangiomas of soft tissue.

          Hemangioma is one of the most common soft tissue tumors comprising 7% of all benign tumors. The etiology is unclear. Many treatment modalities for the symptomatic deep subdermal or intramuscular hemangioma have been used, but surgical excision is the preferred treatment. During the past 20 years, 89 patients with soft tissue hemangiomas were treated by surgical excision at the authors' institution. This study was done to define the clinical characteristics of pathologically proven hemangiomas and to evaluate the outcome of the operative procedures. Intralesional or marginal excision for symptomatic hemangiomas yields satisfactory results for pain relief, functional recovery, and avoidance of recurrence. According to the data a hemangioma of the soft tissues is a benign lesion in which more aggressive surgery (wide or radical excision) or other modalities such as radiation usually are not warranted.
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            The value of diagnostic ultrasonography in the assessment of a glomus tumor of the subcutaneous layer of the forearm mimicking a hemangioma: a case report

            Introduction A glomus tumor is a rare, benign tumor with atypical clinical symptoms. Because of its small size, it is difficult to diagnose and treat early; therefore, it leads to poor quality of life. Glomus tumors are known to commonly affect the hand and rarely manifest in other areas. Because they simulate neuromas, hemangiomas, and neurofibromatosis, the differential diagnosis is difficult. We performed marginal resection of a solitary forearm mass previously suspected to be a hemangioma or glomus tumor on the basis of ultrasound findings and histologically diagnosed to be a glomus tumor afterward. We report this case to demonstrate the good prognosis of the procedure we used, and we review the relevant literature. Case presentation A 68-year-old Asian man without a particular medical history visited our hospital with a mass with focal tenderness in his left distal forearm that had developed 8 years earlier. The tumor was observed with suspicion of being a hemangioma or glomus tumor based on the location, clinical symptoms, and ultrasound findings taken into consideration together. The biopsy results led us to conclude that the lesion was a glomus tumor. Conclusions A glomus tumor located in the forearm is very rare. It is often clinically overlooked and is likely to be misdiagnosed as another disease. The patient’s quality of life deteriorates, and, though the disease is rare, it has serious sequelae. Therefore, a quick diagnosis and appropriate treatment must be conducted early. If a mass occurs with serious pain in subcutaneous soft tissue of not the hands but the limbs, it is important to conduct examinations with suspicion of a glomus tumor. Ultrasonography performed quickly may be useful for making the differential diagnosis.
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              Subcutaneous hemangiomas of the hand

              Subcutaneous hemangiomas, the fourth most common tumor of the hand, consist primarily of proliferating blood vessels within the soft tissue. One hundred and sixty consecutive patients with the histologic diagnosis of subcutaneous hemangiomas were reviewed. Patients with diffuse hemangiomas, strawberry nevi, and arteriovenous fistulae were not included in the study. The median age was 32 years, the youngest being 2 years old and the oldest 68. Sixty-two percent of the patients were female. None had a history of trauma. The palm was the most common location. Progressive enlargement of the lesion and throbbing pain were the most common symptoms. As is characteristic of hemangiomas, they were readily compressible, poorly defined, bluish, subcutaneous masses that distended when the venous return was obstructed and contracted when the extremity was elevated. Roentgenographic evaluation rarely showed the typical calcification of phleboliths, but a soft tissue mass was almost always present. All of these hemangiomas were surgically excised, with the tributory vessels being identified and ligated as far distant from the tumor as possible in order to diminish the chances of recurrence.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                facmed
                Revista de la Facultad de Medicina (México)
                Rev. Fac. Med. (Méx.)
                Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina (Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico )
                0026-1742
                2448-4865
                August 2018
                : 61
                : 4
                : 22-25
                Affiliations
                [1] Ciudad de México orgnameHospital General Dr. Manuel Gea. González Mexico
                [3] Ciudad de México orgnameHospital General Dr. Manuel Gea. González Mexico
                [2] Ciudad de México orgnameHospital General Dr. Manuel Gea. González Mexico
                Article
                S0026-17422018000400022
                f7cc3c8f-29da-4c91-b2ac-cdcf7e071dd0

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 30 July 2017
                : 23 May 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 8, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Casos clínicos

                Anomalías vasculares,malformación mixta,cirugía de mano,Vascular anomalies,vascular malformation,hand surgery

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