Adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix appears to be more prevalent now than a decade ago, and currently constitutes 10-20% of invasive cervical cancers. Because precursor lesions arise within the endocervical canal, identification and diagnosis of invasive disease is often more difficult than for squamous carcinoma. There is disagreement regarding the optimal treatment of adenocarcinoma. Adenocarcinoma may have a poorer prognosis than squamous carcinoma because it may be more difficult to detect and because it tends to metastasize earlier in its course. The controversies in the diagnosis and management of adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix are reviewed.