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      Nanosecond-Laser Generation of Nanoparticles in Liquids: From Ablation through Bubble Dynamics to Nanoparticle Yield

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          Abstract

          A comprehensive picture of the nanosecond-laser generation of colloidal nanoparticles in liquids is nowadays the demand of their high-throughput industrial fabrication for diverse perspective biomedical, material science, and optoelectronic applications. In this study, using silicon as an example, we present a self-consistent experimental visualization and theoretical description of key transient stages during nanosecond-laser generation of colloidal nanoparticles in liquids: plasma-mediated injection of ablated mass into the liquid and driving the vapor bubble, finalized by the colloid appearance in the liquid. The explored fundamental transient stages envision the basic temporal and spatial scales, as well as laser parameter windows, for the demanded high-throughput nanosecond-laser generation of colloidal nanoparticles in liquids.

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          Silver as antibacterial agent: ion, nanoparticle, and metal.

          Svitlana Chernousova, Matthias Epple (2013)
          The antibacterial action of silver is utilized in numerous consumer products and medical devices. Metallic silver, silver salts, and also silver nanoparticles are used for this purpose. The state of research on the effect of silver on bacteria, cells, and higher organisms is summarized. It can be concluded that the therapeutic window for silver is narrower than often assumed. However, the risks for humans and the environment are probably limited. Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
          Article 0 comments Cited 516 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Mechanisms of nanotoxicity: Generation of reactive oxygen species⋆

            Peter P. Fu, Qingsu Xia, Huey-Min Hwang … (2014)
            Nanotechnology is a rapidly developing field in the 21 st century, and the commercial use of nanomaterials for novel applications is increasing exponentially. To date, the scientific basis for the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of most manufactured nanomaterials are not understood. The mechanisms underlying the toxicity of nanomaterials have recently been studied intensively. An important mechanism of nanotoxicity is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Overproduction of ROS can induce oxidative stress, resulting in cells failing to maintain normal physiological redox-regulated functions. This in turn leads to DNA damage, unregulated cell signaling, change in cell motility, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and cancer initiation. There are critical determinants that can affect the generation of ROS. These critical determinants, discussed briefly here, include: size, shape, particle surface, surface positive charges, surface-containing groups, particle dissolution, metal ion release from nanometals and nanometal oxides, UV light activation, aggregation, mode of interaction with cells, inflammation, and pH of the medium.
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              Laser Synthesis and Processing of Colloids: Fundamentals and Applications.

              Stephan Barcikowski, Bilal Gökce, Dongshi Zhang (2017)
              Driven by functionality and purity demand for applications of inorganic nanoparticle colloids in optics, biology, and energy, their surface chemistry has become a topic of intensive research interest. Consequently, ligand-free colloids are ideal reference materials for evaluating the effects of surface adsorbates from the initial state for application-oriented nanointegration purposes. After two decades of development, laser synthesis and processing of colloids (LSPC) has emerged as a convenient and scalable technique for the synthesis of ligand-free nanomaterials in sealed environments. In addition to the high-purity surface of LSPC-generated nanoparticles, other strengths of LSPC include its high throughput, convenience for preparing alloys or series of doped nanomaterials, and its continuous operation mode, suitable for downstream processing. Unscreened surface charge of LSPC-synthesized colloids is the key to achieving colloidal stability and high affinity to biomolecules as well as support materials, thereby enabling the fabrication of bioconjugates and heterogeneous catalysts. Accurate size control of LSPC-synthesized materials ranging from quantum dots to submicrometer spheres and recent upscaling advancement toward the multiple-gram scale are helpful for extending the applicability of LSPC-synthesized nanomaterials to various fields. By discussing key reports on both the fundamentals and the applications related to laser ablation, fragmentation, and melting in liquids, this Article presents a timely and critical review of this emerging topic.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Materials (Basel)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Materials (Basel)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): materials
                Title: Materials
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1996-1944
                Publication date (Electronic): 13 February 2019
                Publication date Collection: February 2019
                Volume: 12
                Issue: 4
                Electronic Location Identifier: 562
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; samokhvalov.itmo@ 123456gmail.com (A.A.S.); veiko@ 123456lastech.ifmo.ru (V.P.V.)
                [2 ]Lebedev Physical Institute, 119991 Moscow, Russia; ganuary_moon@ 123456mail.ru (A.A.N.); insar@ 123456lebedev.ru (I.N.S.); aion@ 123456sci.lebedev.ru (A.A.I.)
                [3 ]National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115409 Moscow, Russia
                [4 ]Research Park, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; v.mikhailovskii@ 123456spbu.ru
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: sikudr@ 123456sci.lebedev.ru ; Tel.: +7-(499)-132-6083
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6657-2739
                Article
                Publisher ID: materials-12-00562
                DOI: 10.3390/ma12040562
                PMC ID: 6416606
                PubMed ID: 30781897
                SO-VID: f7df9486-1d1f-4092-bdd5-d929733bbea9
                Copyright © © 2019 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 28 December 2018
                Date accepted : 10 February 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Concept Paper

                Keywords: nanosecond-laser ablation in liquids,plasma,bubbles,high-throughput generation of nanoparticles
                Data availability:
                Keywords: nanosecond-laser ablation in liquids, plasma, bubbles, high-throughput generation of nanoparticles

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