Concept Investigation of a Lightweight Composite Lattice Morphing Wing

Abstract

This work introduces a novel structural concept for morphing wings, based on carbon-fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) lattice structures. Conventional wing spars and ribs are replaced by CFRP rods, which are arranged with varying orientation and distribution within a load-carrying wing skin. A new structural parametrization is introduced to define the internal lattice structure. By adapting the orientation and distribution of the rods, the aeroelastic behavior of the wing is tailored. The material of the structure is thereby arranged in a structurally efficient manner, removing any excess material and reducing the mass of the wing. Furthermore, the arrangement of the rods promotes shape morphing, which is used for active flight control obtained with an integrated actuation mechanism. A demonstrator was fabricated to evaluate the actuation integration and morphing performance. To assess the lightweight and morphing potential of the wing, an optimization considering the fluid–structure interaction of the wing is carried out. For the investigated wing, the parameters describing the rod arrangement, the skin layup, and the actuation are optimized. A lightweight lattice morphing wing with high load-carrying capabilities and sufficient rolling moment coefficient compared to existing morphing wings was achieved.