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      Drug Design, Development and Therapy (submit here)

      This international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal by Dove Medical Press focuses on the design and development of drugs, as well as the clinical outcomes, patient safety, and programs targeted at the effective and safe use of medicines. Sign up for email alerts here.

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      Neohesperidin Ameliorates Steroid-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head by Inhibiting the Histone Modification of lncRNA HOTAIR

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          Abstract

          Background

          Neohesperidin (NH) and lncRNA HOTAIR (HOTAIR) could regulate osteoclastic and osteogenic differentiation. This study aimed to explore whether HOTAIR-mediated osteogenic differentiation was regulated by NH.

          Methods

          Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) mice model was established. Histopathological changes in mouse osteonecrosis tissues were detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were isolated from healthy mice bone marrow samples by Ficoll density gradient and identified by flow cytometry. After treating the BMSCs with NH and dexamethasone or transfecting with HOTAIR overexpression plasmids and siHOTAIR, histone modification of HOTAIR, the cell viability, osteogenic differentiation, and adipogenic differentiation were detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation, MTT, Alizarin Red and Oil Red O staining, respectively. The expressions of HOTAIR and differentiation-related factors in the BMSCs were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot.

          Results

          HOTAIR was highly expressed in SONFH model mice. NH ameliorated histopathological changes in the model mice, but the effect was reversed by overexpressed HOTAIR. NH increased viability of BMSCs and the H3K27me3 occupancy of HOTAIR, but decreased the expression and the H3K4me3 occupancy of HOTAIR. HOTAIR expression was down-regulated in BMSCs after osteogenic differentiation but was up-regulated after adipogenic differentiation. HOTAIR overexpression inhibited osteogenic differentiation and the expressions of RUNX2, OCN, and ALP, but increased adipogenic differentiation and the expressions of LPL and PPARr in BMSCs; moreover, the opposite results were observed in siHOTAIR.

          Conclusion

          NH ameliorated SONFH by inhibiting the histone modifications of HOTAIR.

          Most cited references40

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          Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method.

          Kenneth Livak, Thomas D. Schmittgen (2001)
          The two most commonly used methods to analyze data from real-time, quantitative PCR experiments are absolute quantification and relative quantification. Absolute quantification determines the input copy number, usually by relating the PCR signal to a standard curve. Relative quantification relates the PCR signal of the target transcript in a treatment group to that of another sample such as an untreated control. The 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method is a convenient way to analyze the relative changes in gene expression from real-time quantitative PCR experiments. The purpose of this report is to present the derivation, assumptions, and applications of the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. In addition, we present the derivation and applications of two variations of the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method that may be useful in the analysis of real-time, quantitative PCR data. Copyright 2001 Elsevier Science (USA).
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            Update on uses and properties of citrus flavonoids: new findings in anticancer, cardiovascular, and anti-inflammatory activity.

            O Benavente-García, J. Castillo (2008)
            Significantly, much of the activity of Citrus flavonoids appears to impact blood and microvascular endothelial cells, and it is not surprising that the two main areas of research on the biological actions of Citrus flavonoids have been inflammation and cancer. Epidemiological and animal studies point to a possible protective effect of flavonoids against cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancer. Although flavonoids have been studied for about 50 years, the cellular mechanisms involved in their biological action are still not completely known. Many of the pharmacological properties of Citrus flavonoids can be linked to the abilities of these compounds to inhibit enzymes involved in cell activation. Attempts to control cancer involve a variety of means, including the use of suppressing, blocking, and transforming agents. Suppressing agents prevent the formation of new cancers from procarcinogens, and blocking agents prevent carcinogenic compounds from reaching critical initiation sites, while transformation agents act to facilitate the metabolism of carcinogenic components into less toxic materials or prevent their biological actions. Flavonoids can act as all three types of agent. Many epidemiological studies have shown that regular flavonoid intake is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. In coronary heart disease, the protective effects of flavonoids include mainly antithrombotic, anti-ischemic, anti-oxidant, and vasorelaxant. It is suggested that flavonoids decrease the risk of coronary heart disease by three major actions: improving coronary vasodilatation, decreasing the ability of platelets in the blood to clot, and preventing low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) from oxidizing. The anti-inflammatory properties of the Citrus flavonoids have also been studied. Several key studies have shown that the anti-inflammatory properties of Citrus flavonoids are due to its inhibition of the synthesis and biological activities of different pro-inflammatory mediators, mainly the arachidonic acid derivatives, prostaglandins E 2, F 2, and thromboxane A 2. The anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Citrus flavonoids can play a key role in their activity against several degenerative diseases and particularly brain diseases. The most abundant Citrus flavonoids are flavanones, such as hesperidin, naringin, or neohesperidin. However, generally, the flavones, such as diosmin, apigenin, or luteolin, exhibit higher biological activity, even though they occur in much lower concentrations. Diosmin and rutin have a demonstrated activity as a venotonic agent and are present in several pharmaceutical products. Apigenin and their glucosides have been shown a good anti-inflammatory activity without the side effects of other anti-inflammatory products. In this paper, we discuss the relation between each structural factor of Citrus flavonoids and the anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and cardiovascular protection activity of Citrus flavonoids and their role in degenerative diseases.
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              Prevalence of Nontraumatic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head and its Associated Risk Factors in the Chinese Population: Results from a Nationally Representative Survey

              De-Wei Zhao, Mang Yu, Kai-Meng Hu … (2015)
              Background: Nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (NONFH) is a debilitating disease that represents a significant financial burden for both individuals and healthcare systems. Despite its significance, however, its prevalence in the Chinese general population remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of NONFH and its associated risk factors in the Chinese population. Methods: A nationally representative survey of 30,030 respondents was undertaken from June 2012 to August 2013. All participants underwent a questionnaire investigation, physical examination of hip, and bilateral hip joint X-ray and/or magnetic resonance imaging examination. Blood samples were taken after overnight fasting to test serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. We then used multivariate logistic regression analysis to investigate the associations between various metabolic, demographic, and lifestyle-related variables and NONFH. Results: NONFH was diagnosed in 218 subjects (0.725%) and the estimated NONFH cases were 8.12 million among Chinese people aged 15 years and over. The prevalence of NONFH was significantly higher in males than in females (1.02% vs. 0.51%, χ 2 = 24.997, P < 0.001). Among NONFH patients, North residents were subjected to higher prevalence of NONFH than that of South residents (0.85% vs. 0.61%, χ 2 = 5.847, P = 0.016). Our multivariate regression analysis showed that high blood levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and non-HDL-cholesterol, male, urban residence, family history of osteonecrosis of the femoral head, heavy smoking, alcohol abuse and glucocorticoid intake, overweight, and obesity were all significantly associated with an increased risk of NONFH. Conclusions: Our findings highlight that NONFH is a significant public health challenge in China and underscore the need for policy measures on the national level. Furthermore, NONFH shares a number of risk factors with atherosclerosis.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Drug Des Devel Ther
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Drug Des Devel Ther
                Journal ID (publisher-id): dddt
                Journal ID (pmc): dddt
                Title: Drug Design, Development and Therapy
                Publisher: Dove
                ISSN (Electronic): 1177-8881
                Publication date (Electronic): 07 December 2020
                Publication date Collection: 2020
                Volume: 14
                Pages: 5419-5430
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University , Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Bo WangDepartment of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University , No. 415, Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai200003, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-21-81885639 Email wangbo_wbob@163.com
                [*]

                These authors contributed equally to this work

                Article
                Publisher ID: 255276
                DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S255276
                PMC ID: 7733036
                PubMed ID: 33324039
                SO-VID: f8046d1b-7fcd-4574-9feb-44084903157a
                Copyright statement: © 2020 Yuan et al.
                License:

                This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms ( https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

                History
                Date received : 24 March 2020
                Date accepted : 08 October 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 5, Tables: 3, References: 40, Pages: 12
                Funding
                Funded by: no funding;
                There is no funding to report.
                Categories
                Subject: Original Research

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Keywords: neohesperidin,hotair,bone marrow stromal cells,osteogenesis,adipogenic
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Keywords: neohesperidin, hotair, bone marrow stromal cells, osteogenesis, adipogenic

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