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      Fenología y efecto de la intensidad de luz en la germinación in vitro de Masdevallia solomonii (Orchidaceae) Translated title: Phenology and effect of light intensity on germination in vitro of Masdevallia solomonii (Orchidaceae)

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          Abstract

          Resumen Masdevallia solomonii, es una orquídea epifita y endémica de los Yungas de La Paz, con hábitats amenazados para su sobrevivencia a corto y mediano plazo, y también considerada como especie vulnerable, se constituye en prioritaria para la conservación. Una de las limitantes para la propagación, es el bajo porcentaje de germinación, por carecer de reservas nutritivas en las semillas, que requieren asociarse a un hongo simbionte y además está condicionada a factores de temperatura, intensidad lumínica, fotoperiodo, entre otras. Además, es necesario conocer sus patrones fenológicos (vegetativo y reproductivo) para establecer estrategias de manejo. En este sentido en el presente trabajo el objetivo fue describir patrones fenológicos y determinar el efecto de la intensidad luminosa y realizar la descripción morfológica del proceso de germinación de M. solomonii. Entre diciembre de 2008 a noviembre de 2009 se realizó el seguimiento fenológico en el tramo del camino precolombino Chojllapata del PN ANMI-Cotapata. En laboratorio, las semillas fueron desinfectadas y sembradas en el medio Knudson C, y expuestas a dos intensidades lumínicas (1.965 y 7.992 µMol m-2s-1 respectivamente) en la cámara de crecimiento. Los botones florales empezaron a aparecer en septiembre, y el mayor pico se registró en noviembre. De mayo a octubre se presentaron más del 40 % de la población en estado vegetativo (estéril), se tiene un 13 % de producción de frutos. A una baja intensidad lumínica (1.965 µMol m-2s-1) presentó un mayor porcentaje de germinación (22.39 %), que a una alta intensidad (7.992 µMol m-2s-1) con 8.16 % de germinación. La floración se presentó en época lluviosa (octubre a marzo), la mayoría de los individuos llegaron a formar una flor, la maduración de los frutos requirió 8 meses. A una baja intensidad lumínica (1.965 µMol m-2s-1) presentó un mayor porcentaje de germinación de 22.39 %.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Masdevallia solomonii, is an epiphytic and endemic orchid of the Yungas of La Paz, with threatened habitats for its survival in the short and medium term, and also considered a vulnerable species, it is a priority for conservation. One of the limitations for propagation is the low percentage of germination, due to the lack of nutritional reserves in the seeds, which require association with a symbiotic fungus and is also conditioned by factors of temperature, light intensity, photoperiod, among others. In addition, it is necessary to know their phenological patterns (vegetative and reproductive) to establish management strategies. In this sense, in the present work, the objective was to describe phenological patterns and determine the effect of light intensity and make the morphological description of the germination process of M. solomonii. Between December 2008 and November 2009, phenological monitoring was carried out on the section of the pre-Columbian road Chojllapata of the ANMI-Cotapata NP. In the laboratory, the seeds were disinfected and sown in Knudson C medium, and exposed to two light intensities (1.965 and 7.992 µMol m-2s-1, respectively) in the growth chamber. Flower buds began to appear in September, with the highest peak in November. From May to October, more than 40 % of the population were in a vegetative state (sterile), with 13 % of fruit production. At low light intensity (1.965 µMol m-2s-1) it presented a higher germination percentage (22.39 %), than at high intensity (7.992 µMol m-2s-1) with 8.16 % germination. Flowering occurred in the rainy season (October to March), most of the individuals came to form a flower, the ripening time of the fruits required 8 months. At a low light intensity (1.965 µMol m-2s-1) it presented a higher germination percentage of 22.39 %.

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          Most cited references36

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          Fruit set, nectar reward, and rarity in the Orchidaceae.

          A review of comparative levels of reproductive success among nectariferous and nectarless orchids worldwide was compiled from a comprehensive survey of fruit set from 117 orchid species in the literature and from our own field studies. It confirms the hypothesis that nectariferous orchids are more successful in setting fruit than are nectarless species. Overall fruit set figures for nectarless and nectariferous orchids were 19.5 and 49.3% for North America, 27.7 and 63.1% for Europe, 41.4 and 74.4% for the temperate southern hemisphere, and 11.5 and 24.9% for the tropics, demonstrating that the dichotomy is consistent across all geographical areas. On average, the provision of nectar doubles the probability of fruit set in both temperate and tropical areas, but tropical orchids are remarkable in that all (whether nectarless or nectariferous, or terrestrial or epiphytic) display low fruit productivity (<50%). Fruiting failure in the tropics may be balanced by higher productivity per capsule, since tropical orchid fruits contain on average 150 times more seeds than temperate ones. Hybridization occurs more frequently among nectarless orchids in Britain and Europe than among nectariferous ones, and there is a significant positive association between orchid rarity and lack of nectar reward in the British Isles. Sexual reproduction in the Orchidaceae is predominantly pollinator dependent, but this can sometimes be successfully circumvented by asexual seed production (agamospermy) or, more frequently, by automatic self-pollination (autogamy). The proportion of highly successful nectarless orchids from all geographic areas is very low and comparable with that of orchids offering rewards other than nectar (∼14% of species in each case) emphasizing that high reproductive success is only associated with nectar reward (53% of species). It is suggested that the evolution of nectar production within the family has been the most frequent means of escaping the reproductive limitations of low pollinator visitation frequencies.
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            Are fungi necessary? How fungicides affect growth and survival of the orchid Lepanthes rupestris in the field

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                riiarn
                Revista de Investigación e Innovación Agropecuaria y de Recursos Naturales
                RIIARn
                Universidad Mayor de San Andrés:; Facultad de Agronomía (La Paz, , Bolivia )
                2409-1618
                December 2022
                : 9
                : 3
                : 56-67
                Affiliations
                Article
                S2409-16182022000300056 S2409-1618(22)00900300056
                10.53287/kkqn7712ka32g
                f806945d-fd5f-40d4-bd4f-e4f9d95a40a4

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 13 September 2022
                : 14 December 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 36, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Bolivia

                Categories
                ARTÍCULOS ORIGINALES

                endémica,fenología,Masdevallia solomonii,germinación,conservation,endemic,phenology,germination,conservación

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