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      Multiplex genome engineering using CRISPR/Cas systems.

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          Abstract

          Functional elucidation of causal genetic variants and elements requires precise genome editing technologies. The type II prokaryotic CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas adaptive immune system has been shown to facilitate RNA-guided site-specific DNA cleavage. We engineered two different type II CRISPR/Cas systems and demonstrate that Cas9 nucleases can be directed by short RNAs to induce precise cleavage at endogenous genomic loci in human and mouse cells. Cas9 can also be converted into a nicking enzyme to facilitate homology-directed repair with minimal mutagenic activity. Lastly, multiple guide sequences can be encoded into a single CRISPR array to enable simultaneous editing of several sites within the mammalian genome, demonstrating easy programmability and wide applicability of the RNA-guided nuclease technology.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Science
          Science (New York, N.Y.)
          American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
          1095-9203
          0036-8075
          Feb 15 2013
          : 339
          : 6121
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
          Article
          science.1231143 NIHMS444192
          10.1126/science.1231143
          3795411
          23287718
          f8355c19-33d4-4d1c-a21e-bd5986a40447
          History

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