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      Position sensitive measurement of trace lithium in the brain with NIK (neutron-induced coincidence method) in suicide

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          Abstract

          Mood disorder is the leading intrinsic risk factor for suicidal ideation. Questioning any potency of mood-stabilizers, the monovalent cation lithium still holds the throne in medical psychiatric treatment. Furthermore, lithium`s anti-aggressive and suicide-preventive capacity in clinical practice is well established. But little is still known about trace lithium distribution and any associated metabolic effects in the human body. We applied a new technique (neutron-induced coincidence method “NIK”) utilizing the 6Li(n,α) 3H reaction for the position sensitive, 3D spatially resolved detection of lithium traces in post-mortem human brain tissue in suicide versus control. NIK allowed, for the first time in lithium research, to collect a three dimensional high resolution map of the regional trace lithium content in the non lithium-medicated human brain. The results show an anisotropic distribution of lithium, thus indicating a homeostatic regulation under physiological conditions as a remarkable link to essentiality. In contrast to suicide we could empirically prove significantly higher endogenous lithium concentrations in white compared to gray matter as a general trend in non-suicidal individuals and lower lithium concentrations in emotion-modulating regions in suicide.

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          Deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression.

          Helen Mayberg, Andres Lozano, Valerie Voon … (2005)
          Treatment-resistant depression is a severely disabling disorder with no proven treatment options once multiple medications, psychotherapy, and electroconvulsive therapy have failed. Based on our preliminary observation that the subgenual cingulate region (Brodmann area 25) is metabolically overactive in treatment-resistant depression, we studied whether the application of chronic deep brain stimulation to modulate BA25 could reduce this elevated activity and produce clinical benefit in six patients with refractory depression. Chronic stimulation of white matter tracts adjacent to the subgenual cingulate gyrus was associated with a striking and sustained remission of depression in four of six patients. Antidepressant effects were associated with a marked reduction in local cerebral blood flow as well as changes in downstream limbic and cortical sites, measured using positron emission tomography. These results suggest that disrupting focal pathological activity in limbic-cortical circuits using electrical stimulation of the subgenual cingulate white matter can effectively reverse symptoms in otherwise treatment-resistant depression.
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            Psychological autopsy studies of suicide: a systematic review.

            J. T. O. Cavanagh, A. J. Carson, M. Sharpe … (2003)
            The psychological autopsy method offers the most direct technique currently available for examining the relationship between particular antecedents and suicide. This systematic review aimed to examine the results of studies of suicide that used a psychological autopsy method. A computer aided search of MEDLINE, BIDS ISI and PSYCHLIT, supplemented by reports known to the reviewers and reports identified from the reference lists of other retrieved reports. Two investigators systematically and independently examined all reports. Median proportions were determined and population attributable fractions were calculated, where possible, in cases of suicide and controls. One hundred and fifty-four reports were identified, of which 76 met the criteria for inclusion; 54 were case series and 22 were case-control studies. The median proportion of cases with mental disorder was 91% (95 % CI 81-98%) in the case series. In the case-control studies the figure was 90% (88-95%) in the cases and 27% (14-48%) in the controls. Co-morbid mental disorder and substance abuse also preceded suicide in more cases (38%, 19-57%) than controls (6%, 0-13%). The population attributable fraction for mental disorder ranged from 47-74% in the seven studies in which it could be calculated. The effects of particular disorders and sociological variables have been insufficiently studied to draw clear conclusions. The results indicated that mental disorder was the most strongly associated variable of those that have been studied. Further studies should focus on specific disorders and psychosocial factors. Suicide prevention strategies may be most effective if focused on the treatment of mental disorders.
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              Suicide

              Keith Hawton, Kees van Heeringen (2009)
              The Lancet, 373(9672), 1372-1381
              Article 0 comments Cited 167 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                J. Schoepfer: jutta.schoepfer@med.uni-muenchen.de
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Rep
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci Rep
                Title: Scientific Reports
                Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2045-2322
                Publication date (Electronic): 25 March 2021
                Publication date PMC-release: 25 March 2021
                Publication date Collection: 2021
                Volume: 11
                Electronic Location Identifier: 6823
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.5252.0, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 973X, Institute of Legal Medicine, , Ludwig-Maximilian University, ; Munich, Germany
                [2 ]GRID grid.6936.a, ISNI 0000000123222966, Department of Physics, , Technical University of Munich, ; Munich, Germany
                [3 ]GRID grid.6936.a, ISNI 0000000123222966, Institute of General and Surgical Pathology of the Technical University of Munich, ; Munich, Germany
                Article
                Publisher ID: 86377
                DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86377-x
                PMC ID: 7994404
                PubMed ID: 33767316
                SO-VID: f869c736-eea5-4816-85e4-c47a91a55ba3
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2021
                License:

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                Date received : 10 December 2020
                Date accepted : 15 March 2021
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft;
                Award ID: GE2296/1
                Categories
                Subject: Article
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2021

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
                Keywords: biophysics,neuroscience,medical research
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
                Keywords: biophysics, neuroscience, medical research

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