119
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Tobacco use and associated factors among Rwandan youth aged 15-34 years: Findings from a nationwide survey, 2013

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Introduction

          Use of tobacco and its products are the single most preventable cause of death in the world. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of current tobacco use and identify associated factors among Rwandans aged 15–34 years.

          Methods

          This study involved secondary analysis of existing data from the nationally representative WHO STEPwise approach to Surveillance of non-communicable diseases (STEPS) conducted in 2013 to explore the prevalence of tobacco use and its associated factors in Rwanda. Data of 3,900 youth participants (15–34 years old) who had been selected using multistage cluster sampling during the survey was analyzed. The prevalence of current smoking along with socio-demographic characteristics of the sample were determined and multivariable logistic regression was employed to identify independent factors associated with current tobacco use.

          Results

          The prevalence (weighted) of current tobacco use (all forms) was 8% (95%CI: 7.08–9.01). The prevalence was found to be significantly higher among males, young adults aged 24–34, youth with primary school education or less, those from Southern province, people with income (work in public, private organizations and self-employed) and young married adults. However, geographical location i.e. urban (7%) and rural (8%) settings did not affect prevalence of tobacco use. Factors that were found to be associated with current tobacco use through the multivariate analysis included being male, aged 25 years and above, having an income, and residing in Eastern, Kigali City and Southern Province compared to Western province.

          Conclusion

          The association between smoking and socio-demographic characteristics among Rwandan youth identified in this study provides an opportunity for policy makers to tailor future tobacco control policies, and implement coordinated, high-impact interventions to prevent initiation of tobacco use among the youth.

          Related collections

          Most cited references13

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: found
          Is Open Access

          Faeco-prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni in urban wild birds and pets in New Zealand

          Background Greater attention has been given to Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) prevalence in poultry and ruminants as they are regarded as the major contributing reservoirs of human campylobacteriosis. However, relatively little work has been done to assess the prevalence in urban wild birds and pets in New Zealand, a country with the highest campylobacteriosis notification rates. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the faeco-prevalence of C. jejuni in urban wild birds and pets and its temporal trend in the Manawatu region of New Zealand. Findings A repeated cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2008 to July 2009, where faecal samples were collected from 906 ducks, 835 starlings, 23 Canadian goose, 2 swans, 2 pied stilts, 498 dogs and 82 cats. The faeco-prevalence of C. jejuni was 20% in ducks, 18% in starlings, 9% in Canadian goose, 5% in dogs and 7% in cats. The faeco-prevalence of C. jejuni was relatively higher during warmer months of the year in ducks, starlings and dogs while starlings showed increased winter prevalence. No such trend could be assessed in Canadian goose, swans, pied stilts and cats as samples could not be collected for the entire study period from these species. Conclusions This study estimated the faeco-prevalence of C. jejuni in different animal species where the prevalence was relatively high during warmer months in general. However, there was relative increase in winter prevalence in starlings. The urban wild bird species and pets may be considered potential risk factors for human campylobacteriosis in New Zealand, particularly in small children.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: found
            Is Open Access

            Smoking and smokeless tobacco use in nine South and Southeast Asian countries: prevalence estimates and social determinants from Demographic and Health Surveys

            Background In South and Southeast Asian countries, tobacco is consumed in diverse forms, and smoking among women is very low. We aimed to provide national estimates of prevalence and social determinants of smoking and smokeless tobacco use among men and women separately. Methods Data from Demographic and Health Surveys completed in nine countries (India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Maldives, Philippines, Cambodia, Indonesia, and Timor Leste) were analyzed. Current smoking or smokeless tobacco use was assessed as response “yes” to one or more of three questions, such as “Do you currently smoke cigarettes?” Weighted country-level prevalence rates for socio-economic subgroups were calculated for smoking and smokeless tobacco use. Binary logistic regression analyses were done on STATA/IC (version 10) by ‘svy’ command. Results Prevalence and type of tobacco use among men and women varied across the countries and among socio-economic sub groups. Smoking prevalence was much lower in women than men in all countries. Smoking among men was very high in Indonesia, Maldives, and Bangladesh. Smokeless tobacco (mainly chewable) was used in diverse forms, particularly in India, among both men and women. Chewing tobacco was common in Nepal, Bangladesh, Maldives, and Cambodia. Both smoking and smokeless tobacco use were associated with higher age, lower education, and poverty, but their association with place of residence and marital status was not uniform between men and women across the countries. Conclusion Policymakers should consider type of tobacco consumption and their differentials among various population subgroups to implement country-specific tobacco control policies and target the vulnerable groups. Smokeless tobacco use should also be prioritized in tobacco control efforts.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: found
              Is Open Access

              Social Determinants of Smoking in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Results from the World Health Survey

              Introduction Tobacco smoking is a leading cause of premature death and disability, and over 80% of the world's smokers live in low- or middle-income countries. The objective of this study is to assess demographic and socioeconomic determinants of current smoking in low- and middle-income countries. Methods We used data, from the World Health Survey in 48 low-income and middle-income countries, to explore the impact of demographic and socioeconomic factors on the current smoking status of respondents. The data from these surveys provided information on 213,807 respondents aged 18 years or above that were divided into 4 pooled datasets according to their sex and country income group. The overall proportion of current smokers, as well as the proportion by each relevant demographic and socioeconomic determinant, was calculated within each of the pooled datasets, and multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between current smoking and these determinants. Results The odds of smoking were not equal in all demographic or socioeconomic groups. Some factors were fairly stable across the four datasets studied: for example, individuals were more likely to smoke if they had little or no education, regardless of if they were male or female, or lived in a low or a middle income country. Nevertheless, other factors, notably age and wealth, showed a differential effect on smoking by sex or country income level. While women in the low-income country group were twice as likely to smoke if they were in the lowest wealth quintile compared with the highest, the association was absent in the middle-income country group. Conclusion Information on how smoking is distributed among low- or middle-income countries will allow policy makers to tailor future policies, and target the most vulnerable populations.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: VisualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: SupervisionRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                7 October 2019
                2019
                : 14
                : 10
                : e0212601
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Institute of HIV/AIDS Diseases Prevention and Control, Non-Communicable Diseases Division, Rwanda Biomedical Center, Kigali, Rwanda
                [2 ] Rwanda Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Kigali, Rwanda
                Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, NEPAL
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4548-7356
                Article
                PONE-D-19-03422
                10.1371/journal.pone.0212601
                6779250
                31589619
                f874187a-5dbf-44f8-99ce-aa00268ac8ed
                © 2019 Habiyaremye et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 4 February 2019
                : 21 September 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 2, Pages: 8
                Funding
                The authors of this manuscript have no support or funding to report.
                Categories
                Research Article
                People and Places
                Geographical Locations
                Africa
                Rwanda
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Psychology
                Behavior
                Habits
                Smoking Habits
                Social Sciences
                Psychology
                Behavior
                Habits
                Smoking Habits
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Public and Occupational Health
                Tobacco Control
                Social Sciences
                Sociology
                Education
                Schools
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Epidemiology
                Medical Risk Factors
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Agriculture
                Agronomy
                Plant Products
                Tobacco
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Agriculture
                Crop Science
                Plant Products
                Tobacco
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Epidemiology
                Disease Surveillance
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Pulmonology
                Smoking Related Disorders
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Mental Health and Psychiatry
                Substance-Related Disorders
                Smoking Related Disorders
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Public and Occupational Health
                Substance-Related Disorders
                Smoking Related Disorders
                Custom metadata
                The data underlying the results presented in the study are available from Rwanda Biomedical Center, email: info@ 123456rbc.gov.rw , Tel. no: +250725012012, and website: www.rbc.gov.rw.

                Uncategorized
                Uncategorized

                Comments

                Comment on this article