Screening for hearing loss using the electronic whisper test: A prospective cross-sectional study

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Abstract

Background:

Hearing screening is a method for early identification of hearing loss. Hearing screening is widely used in hospitals as part of physical examination. However, some of them are difficult to operate outside the hospitals regarding portability and user-friendliness. Therefore, we developed a simple yet easy-to-use portable electronic whisper test (EWT) for field deployment, particularly on many subjects. The EWT validity is a hearing screening method compared to pure-tone audiometry.

Methods:

This study was a cross-sectional comparative with a prospective approach. The subjects were outpatients at the Audiology Clinic of Dr. Soetomo Academic Medical Center, Surabaya, Indonesia, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Statistical analysis made sensitivity and specificity tables using a 2 × 2 table, positive and negative predictive values.

Results:

Samples of 50 participants (100 ears) obtained a sensitivity value of 83%, specificity of 78%, positive predictive value of 45%, and negative predictive value of 95%.

Conclusions:

The EWT is valid for use as a hearing screening method.

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Most cited references 31

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The hearing handicap inventory for the elderly: a new tool.

I M Ventry, B Weinstein (2015)

This report describes the development and standardization of the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (HHIE). This self-assessment tool is designed to assess the effects of hearing impairment on the emotional and social adjustment of elderly people. The inventory is comprised of two subscales: a 13-item subscale explores the emotional consequences of hearing impairment; a 12-item subscale explores both social and situational effects. The inventory was administered to 100 elderly subjects (mean age = 75 years) with hearing threshold levels in the better ear ranging from normal to severe. The reliability of the HHIE was evaluated by assessing its internal consistency through the computation of Chronbach's alpha. Alpha values ranged from 0.88 (social/situational subscale) to 0.95 for the entire inventory. Split-half reliabilities were equally high. The validity of the HHIE was not directly evaluated. Certain aspects of the data, however, support the construct validity of the instrument, while analysis of the questions themselves appears to attest to its content validity. Possible uses of the inventory were described and suggestions were made regarding future research on the instrument. The reliability and validity of the HHIE as well as its brevity, simplicity, and ease of administration and interpretation all recommend its use in assessing hearing handicap in the elderly.

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Global and regional hearing impairment prevalence: an analysis of 42 studies in 29 countries.

, Seth Flaxman, Mariel Finucane … (2013)

Hearing impairment is a leading cause of disease burden, yet population-based studies that measure hearing impairment are rare. We estimate regional and global hearing impairment prevalence from sparse data and calculate corresponding uncertainty intervals. We accessed papers from a published literature review and obtained additional detailed data tabulations from investigators. We estimated the prevalence of hearing impairment by region, sex, age and hearing level using a Bayesian hierarchical model, a method that is effective for sparse data. As the primary objective of modelling was to produce regional and global prevalence estimates, including for those regions with scarce to no data, models were evaluated using cross-validation. We used data from 42 studies, carried out between 1973 and 2010 in 29 countries. Hearing impairment was positively related to age, male sex and middle- and low-income regions. We estimated that the global prevalence of hearing impairment (defined as an average hearing level of 35 decibels or more in the better ear) in 2008 was 1.4% (95% uncertainty interval 1.0-2.2%) for children aged 5-14 years, 9.8% (7.7-13.2%) for females >15 years of age and 12.2% (9.7-16.2%) for males >15 years of age. The model exhibited good external validity in the cross-validation analysis, with 87% of survey estimates falling within our final model's 95% uncertainty intervals. Our results suggest that the prevalence of child and adult hearing impairment is substantially higher in middle- and low-income countries than in high-income countries, demonstrating the global need for attention to hearing impairment.

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Screening and management of adult hearing loss in primary care: scientific review.

Bevan Yueh, Nina Shapiro, Catherine H MacLean … (2003)

Hearing loss is the third most prevalent chronic condition in older adults and has important effects on their physical and mental health. Despite these effects, most older patients are not assessed or treated for hearing loss. To review the evidence on screening and management of hearing loss of older adults in the primary care setting. We performed a search from 1985 to 2001 using MEDLINE, HealthSTAR, EMBASE, Ageline, and the National Guideline Clearinghouse for articles and practice guidelines about screening and management of hearing loss in older adults, as well as reviewed references in these articles and those suggested by experts in hearing impairment. We reviewed articles for the most clinically important information, emphasizing randomized clinical trials, where available, and identified 1595 articles. Screening tests that reliably detect hearing loss are use of an audioscope, a hand-held combination otoscope and audiometer, and a self-administered questionnaire, the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly-Screening version. The value of routine screening for improving patient outcomes has not been evaluated in a randomized clinical trial. Screening is endorsed by most professional organizations, including the US Preventive Services Task Force. While most hearing loss in older adults is sensorineural and due to presbycusis, cerumen impaction and chronic otitis media may be present in up to 30% of elderly patients with hearing loss and can be treated by the primary care clinician. In randomized trials, hearing aids have been demonstrated to improve outcomes for patients with sensorineural hearing loss. Nonadherence to use of hearing aids is high. Prompt recognition of potentially reversible causes of hearing loss, such as sudden sensorineural hearing loss, is important to maximize the possibility of functional recovery. While untested in a clinical trial, older adults can be screened for hearing loss using simple methods, and effective treatments exist and are available for many forms of hearing loss.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci

Journal ID (publisher-id): IJCIIS

Journal ID (publisher-id): Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci

Title: International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science

Publisher: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow (India )

ISSN (Print): 2229-5151

ISSN (Electronic): 2231-5004

Publication date (Print): Oct-Dec 2023

Publication date (Electronic): 26 December 2023

Volume: 13

Issue: 4

Pages: 173-177

Affiliations

[1]Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Center, Indonesia

[1 ]Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea

Author notes

Address for correspondence: Dr. Nyilo Purnami, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Center, Jl. Mayjen Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 6-8, Airlangga, Kec. Gubeng, Surabaya 60286, Jawa Timur, Indonesia. E-mail: nyilo@ 123456fk.unair.ac.id

Article

Publisher ID: IJCIIS-13-173

DOI: 10.4103/ijciis.ijciis_21_23

PMC ID: 10824205

PubMed ID: 38292393

SO-VID: f888468d-bb94-4414-9675-fbf274532712

License:

This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

History

Date received : 15 May 2023

Date revision received : 19 June 2023

Date accepted : 10 July 2023

Screening for hearing loss using the electronic whisper test: A prospective cross-sectional study

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Abstract

Background:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusions:

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Hearing Loss and Restoration

Most cited references 31

The hearing handicap inventory for the elderly: a new tool.

Global and regional hearing impairment prevalence: an analysis of 42 studies in 29 countries.

Screening and management of adult hearing loss in primary care: scientific review.

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