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      Infection par le SARS-CoV-2 chez les femmes enceintes : état des connaissances et proposition de prise en charge par CNGOF Translated title: SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. Information and proposal of management care. CNGOF

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          Résumé

          Un nouveau coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) mis en évidence en fin d’année 2019 en Chine se diffuse à travers tous les continents. Le plus souvent à l’origine d’un syndrome infectieux sans gravité, associant à différents degrés des symptômes bénins (fièvre, toux, myalgies, céphalées et éventuels troubles digestifs) le SARS-Covid-2 peut être à l’origine de pathologies pulmonaires graves et parfois de décès. Les données sur les conséquences pendant la grossesse sont limitées. Les premières données chinoises publiées semblent montrer que les symptômes chez la femme enceinte sont les mêmes que ceux de la population générale. mais il y a un risque qu'il y ai plus de formes graves. Il n’y a pas de cas de transmission maternofœtale intra utérine mais des cas de nouveau-nés infectés précocement font penser qu’il pourrait y avoir transmission verticale per-partum ou néonatale. Une prématurité induite et des cas de détresses respiratoires chez les nouveau-nés de mères infectées ont été décrits. La grossesse est connue comme une période plus à risque pour les conséquences des infections respiratoires, comme pour la grippe, il parait donc important de dépister le Covid-19 en présence de symptômes et de surveiller de façon rapprochée les femmes enceintes infectées. Dans ce contexte d’épidémie de SARS-Covid-2, les sociétés savantes de gynécologie-obstétrique, d’infectiologie et de néonatalogie ont proposé un protocole français de prise en charge des cas possibles et avérés de SARS-Covid-2 chez la femme enceinte. Ces propositions peuvent évoluer de façon quotidienne avec l’avancée de l’épidémie et des connaissances chez la femme enceinte.

          Translated abstract

          A new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) highlighted at the end of 2019 in China is spreading across all continents. Most often at the origin of a mild infectious syndrome, associating mild symptoms (fever, cough, myalgia, headache and possible digestive disorders) to different degrees, SARS-Covid-2 can cause serious pulmonary pathologies and sometimes death. Data on the consequences during pregnancy are limited. The first Chinese data published seem to show that the symptoms in pregnant women are the same as those of the general population. There are no cases of intrauterine maternal-fetal transmission, but cases of newborns infected early suggest that there could be vertical perpartum or neonatal transmission. Induced prematurity and cases of respiratory distress in newborns of infected mothers have been described. Pregnancy is known as a period at higher risk for the consequences of respiratory infections, as for influenza, so it seems important to screen for Covid-19 in the presence of symptoms and to monitor closely pregnant women. In this context of the SARS-Covid-2 epidemic, the societies of gynecology-obstetrics, infectious diseases and neonatalogy have proposed a French protocol for the management of possible and proven cases of SARS-Covid-2 in pregnant women. These proposals may evolve on a daily basis with the advancement of the epidemic and knowledge in pregnant women. Subsequently, an in-depth analysis of cases in pregnant women will be necessary in order to improve knowledge on the subject.

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          Most cited references32

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          Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China

          Summary Background A recent cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China, was caused by a novel betacoronavirus, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). We report the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and treatment and clinical outcomes of these patients. Methods All patients with suspected 2019-nCoV were admitted to a designated hospital in Wuhan. We prospectively collected and analysed data on patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection by real-time RT-PCR and next-generation sequencing. Data were obtained with standardised data collection forms shared by WHO and the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium from electronic medical records. Researchers also directly communicated with patients or their families to ascertain epidemiological and symptom data. Outcomes were also compared between patients who had been admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and those who had not. Findings By Jan 2, 2020, 41 admitted hospital patients had been identified as having laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection. Most of the infected patients were men (30 [73%] of 41); less than half had underlying diseases (13 [32%]), including diabetes (eight [20%]), hypertension (six [15%]), and cardiovascular disease (six [15%]). Median age was 49·0 years (IQR 41·0–58·0). 27 (66%) of 41 patients had been exposed to Huanan seafood market. One family cluster was found. Common symptoms at onset of illness were fever (40 [98%] of 41 patients), cough (31 [76%]), and myalgia or fatigue (18 [44%]); less common symptoms were sputum production (11 [28%] of 39), headache (three [8%] of 38), haemoptysis (two [5%] of 39), and diarrhoea (one [3%] of 38). Dyspnoea developed in 22 (55%) of 40 patients (median time from illness onset to dyspnoea 8·0 days [IQR 5·0–13·0]). 26 (63%) of 41 patients had lymphopenia. All 41 patients had pneumonia with abnormal findings on chest CT. Complications included acute respiratory distress syndrome (12 [29%]), RNAaemia (six [15%]), acute cardiac injury (five [12%]) and secondary infection (four [10%]). 13 (32%) patients were admitted to an ICU and six (15%) died. Compared with non-ICU patients, ICU patients had higher plasma levels of IL2, IL7, IL10, GSCF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNFα. Interpretation The 2019-nCoV infection caused clusters of severe respiratory illness similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and was associated with ICU admission and high mortality. Major gaps in our knowledge of the origin, epidemiology, duration of human transmission, and clinical spectrum of disease need fulfilment by future studies. Funding Ministry of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission.
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            Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China

            Abstract Background Since December 2019, when coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) emerged in Wuhan city and rapidly spread throughout China, data have been needed on the clinical characteristics of the affected patients. Methods We extracted data regarding 1099 patients with laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 from 552 hospitals in 30 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in mainland China through January 29, 2020. The primary composite end point was admission to an intensive care unit (ICU), the use of mechanical ventilation, or death. Results The median age of the patients was 47 years; 41.9% of the patients were female. The primary composite end point occurred in 67 patients (6.1%), including 5.0% who were admitted to the ICU, 2.3% who underwent invasive mechanical ventilation, and 1.4% who died. Only 1.9% of the patients had a history of direct contact with wildlife. Among nonresidents of Wuhan, 72.3% had contact with residents of Wuhan, including 31.3% who had visited the city. The most common symptoms were fever (43.8% on admission and 88.7% during hospitalization) and cough (67.8%). Diarrhea was uncommon (3.8%). The median incubation period was 4 days (interquartile range, 2 to 7). On admission, ground-glass opacity was the most common radiologic finding on chest computed tomography (CT) (56.4%). No radiographic or CT abnormality was found in 157 of 877 patients (17.9%) with nonsevere disease and in 5 of 173 patients (2.9%) with severe disease. Lymphocytopenia was present in 83.2% of the patients on admission. Conclusions During the first 2 months of the current outbreak, Covid-19 spread rapidly throughout China and caused varying degrees of illness. Patients often presented without fever, and many did not have abnormal radiologic findings. (Funded by the National Health Commission of China and others.)
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              A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019

              Summary In December 2019, a cluster of patients with pneumonia of unknown cause was linked to a seafood wholesale market in Wuhan, China. A previously unknown betacoronavirus was discovered through the use of unbiased sequencing in samples from patients with pneumonia. Human airway epithelial cells were used to isolate a novel coronavirus, named 2019-nCoV, which formed a clade within the subgenus sarbecovirus, Orthocoronavirinae subfamily. Different from both MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, 2019-nCoV is the seventh member of the family of coronaviruses that infect humans. Enhanced surveillance and further investigation are ongoing. (Funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China and the National Major Project for Control and Prevention of Infectious Disease in China.)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol
                Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol
                Gynecologie, Obstetrique, Fertilite & Senologie
                Elsevier Masson SAS.
                2468-7197
                2468-7189
                19 March 2020
                May 2020
                19 March 2020
                : 48
                : 5
                : 436-443
                Affiliations
                [a ]Service de gynécologie-obstétrique Colombes, Assistance publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, hôpital Louis-Mourier, université de Paris, 92700 Colombes, France
                [b ]Inserm IAME-U1137, 75000 Paris, France
                [c ]Groupe de recherche sur les infections pendant la grossesse (GRIG), 75000 Paris, France
                [d ]Hôpital Paule-de-Viguier, CHU de Toulouse, 31000 Toulouse, France
                [e ]Équipe SPHERE, Inserm UMR1027, université Toulouse III, 31000 Toulouse, France
                [f ]University Lyon, University Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
                [g ]Hospices civils de Lyon, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France
                [h ]Inserm U846, stem cell and brain research institute, 18, avenue Doyen-Lepine, 69500 Bron, France
                [i ]Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, hôpital Bichat Claude-Bernard, université de Paris, AP–HP, 46, rue Henri-Huchard, 75018 Paris, France
                [j ]Service de gynécologie obstétrique, maternité Aline-de-Crepy, FHU Prematurity INSERM U1016, hôpital Bichat APHP, université de Paris, Institut Imagine, 75018 Paris, France
                [k ]CNGOF, 91, boulevard de Sébastopol, 75002 Paris, France
                [l ]Infection Control Unit, Bichat University Hospital, Assistance publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, université de Paris, 75018 Paris, France
                [m ]Service de gynécologie obstétrique, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
                Author notes
                [* ]Auteur correspondant. Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, hôpital Louis-Mourier, Colombes, hôpitaux universitaires Paris Nord Val-de-Seine, Assistance publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, université Paris-Diderot, 92700 Colombes, France. olivier.picone@ 123456aphp.fr
                Article
                S2468-7189(20)30110-0
                10.1016/j.gofs.2020.03.014
                7186548
                32199996
                f8936590-7d5c-4e05-a09c-e9226b8ab2d7
                © 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                : 16 March 2020
                Categories
                Article

                coronavirus sars-cov-2,grossesse,transmission materno-fœtale,covid-19,nouveau-né,pregnancy,maternal-fetal transmission,newborn

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