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      Early Postoperative Results and Complications of using the EX-PRESS Shunt in uncontrolled Uveitic Glaucoma: A Case Series of Preliminary Results

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          ABSTRACT

          Purpose: The purpose of this case series is to describe the efficacy of the EX-PRESS shunt in uveitic glaucoma.

          Methods: This prospective case series sequentially recruited uveitic glaucoma subjects with intraocular pressure (IOP) > 21 mm Hg despite maximal topical antiglaucoma medications from July 2012 to July 2013 in Hong Kong. All subjects received a trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (MMC) and EX-PRESS shunt implantation. The primary outcome measures included preope-rative IOP and postoperative IOP on day 1, 1 week, 1 month, and every 3 months thereafter. The secondary outcome measures included postoperative complications and follow-up procedures, pre- and postoperative Snellen best corrected visual acuity and cup-disc ratio, as well as the number of antiglaucoma medication required.

          Results: In a case series of five subjects with uncontrolled uveitic glaucoma, two had inactive anterior uveitis, and three had active panuveitis. The mean preoperative IOP was 35.4 ± 12.6 mm Hg on 3.8 ± 0.5 antiglaucoma eye drops. The mean day 1, 1 week and 1 month IOP's were 6.6 ± 3.7 mm Hg, 7.2 ± 3.2 mm Hg, and 12.6 ± 8.2 mm Hg, respectively. One case required subconjunctival MMC injections postoperatively; two required conjunctival resuture for leakage; and two had early postoperative hypotony that resolved after oral prednisolone. At 6 months, the mean IOP was 13.2 ± 4.6 mm Hg. Four out of five subjects had IOP < 21 mm Hg without medication, and all had IOP < 21 mm Hg with antiglaucoma medication.

          Conclusion: The EX-PRESS shunt demonstrates good IOP control with a propensity for hypotony in the early postoperative period in this small uveitic glaucoma series.

          How to cite this article: Lee JWY, Chan JCH, Qing L, Lai JSM. Early Postoperative Results and Complications of using the EXPRESS Shunt in uncontrolled Uveitic Glaucoma: A Case Series of Preliminary Results. J Current Glau Prac 2014;8(1):20-24.

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          Comparison of trabeculectomy with Ex-PRESS miniature glaucoma device implanted under scleral flap.

          Peter J G Maris, Kyoko Ishida, Inger Netland (2006)
          To evaluate the Ex-PRESS miniature implant (Model R 50) placed under partial-thickness scleral flap compared with standard trabeculectomy. In this retrospective comparative series of 100 eyes, we compared 50 eyes in 49 patients treated with the Ex-PRESS miniature glaucoma implant under a scleral flap with 50 matched control eyes in 47 patients treated with trabeculectomy. Success was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) > or =5 mm Hg and < or =21 mm Hg, with or without glaucoma medications, without further glaucoma surgery or removal of implant. Early postoperative hypotony was defined as IOP <5 mm Hg during the first postoperative week. The average follow-up was 10.8 months (range 3.5 to 18) for the Ex-PRESS group and 11.2 months (range 3 to 15) for the trabeculectomy group. Although the mean IOP was significantly higher in the early postoperative period in the Ex-PRESS group compared with the trabeculectomy group, the reduction of IOP was similar in both groups after 3 months. The number of postoperative glaucoma medications in both groups was not significantly different. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed no significant difference in success between the 2 groups (P=0.594). Early postoperative hypotony and choroidal effusion were significantly more frequent after trabeculectomy compared with Ex-PRESS implant under scleral flap (P<0.001). The Ex-PRESS implant under a scleral flap had similar IOP-lowering efficacy with a lower rate of early hypotony compared with trabeculectomy.
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            Risk factors for ocular complications and poor visual acuity at presentation among patients with uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

            Sanjay R Kedhar, Jennifer E Thorne, Douglas A Jabs … (2007)
            To describe the frequencies of and risk factors for ocular complications and poor visual acuity at presentation in a cohort of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)-associated uveitis. Cross-sectional study. setting: Single-center, academic practice. study population: Seventy-five patients with JIA-associated uveitis were evaluated between July 1984 and August 2005. observation procedures: Data on patients diagnosed with JIA-associated uveitis were entered retrospectively into a database and analyzed. outcome measures: Visual acuity of 20/50 or worse or 20/200 or worse, and presence of ocular complications (including cataract, posterior synechiae, band keratopathy, elevated intraocular pressure, hypotony, macular edema, and epiretinal membrane) at presentation. At presentation, ocular complications were seen in 67% of eyes affected by JIA-associated uveitis. Presence of > or =1+ anterior chamber flare, a positive antinuclear antibody (ANA), and a shorter duration between the diagnosis of arthritis and uveitis were significantly associated with the presence of ocular complication. The frequencies of 20/50 or worse and of 20/200 or worse visual acuities at presentation in affected eyes were 36% and 24%, respectively. The presence of > or =1+ anterior chamber flare and a history of intraocular surgery before presentation were significantly associated with 20/50 or worse and 20/200 or worse vision. Presence of posterior synechiae also was associated with 20/200 or worse vision at presentation. The main causes of poor vision at presentation for affected eyes and better-seeing eyes were cataract, band keratopathy within the visual axis, and glaucoma. Ocular complications and poor vision at presentation were common in our patients with JIA-related uveitis.
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              Five-year extension of a clinical trial comparing the EX-PRESS glaucoma filtration device and trabeculectomy in primary open-angle glaucoma

              Leo de Jong, Antoine Lafuma, Anne-Sophie Aguadé … (2011)
              Background: This study compared the efficacy of the EX-PRESS® glaucoma filtration device and trabeculectomy in primary open-angle glaucoma up to five years after surgery. Methods: Patients from a previously reported randomized, open-label, parallel-arm clinical trial in which 78 patients received either the EX-PRESS glaucoma filtration device or underwent a trabeculectomy were followed for up to an additional four years (five total) beyond the original study (39 eyes per treatment group). Risk-benefit data were obtained for up to five years after glaucoma surgery. Outcome variables were intraocular pressures and intraocular pressure medications. Complete success was denoted by intraocular pressure values ≤ 18 mmHg without medication. Results: The EX-PRESS glaucoma filtration device controlled intraocular pressure more effectively without medication for more patients from year 1 (86.8% versus 61.5%, P = 0.01) to year 3 (66.7% versus 41.0%, P = 0.02) than trabeculectomy. At year 1, only 12.8% of patients required intraocular pressure medication after EX-PRESS implantation, compared with 35.9% after trabeculectomy. The proportions became closer at year 5 (41% versus 53.9%). The responder rate was higher with EX-PRESS and time to failure was longer. In addition, surgical interventions for complications were fewer after EX-PRESS implantation. Conclusion: This five-year analysis confirmed and extended the results reported after one year. Compared with trabeculectomy, EX-PRESS provided better intraocular pressure control in the first three years, and patients required fewer intraocular pressure medications and fewer surgical interventions during the five-year study period. For patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, the EX-PRESS glaucoma filtration device, implanted under a superficial scleral flap, produced significantly higher success rates than trabeculectomy. EX-PRESS is an effective device for long-term treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Jacky WY Lee
                Jonathan CH Chan
                Li Qing
                Jimmy SM Lai
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Curr Glaucoma Pract
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Curr Glaucoma Pract
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JOCGP
                Title: Journal of Current Glaucoma Practice
                Publisher: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers
                ISSN (Print): 0974-0333
                ISSN (Electronic): 0975-1947
                Publication date (Print): Jan-Apr 2014
                Publication date (Electronic): 16 January 2014
                Volume: 8
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 20-24
                Affiliations
                Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Caritas Medical Centre University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
                Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
                Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
                Clinical Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
                Author notes
                Jacky WY Lee, Associate Professor Department of Ophthalmology, Caritas Medical Centre, 111 Wing Hong St Kowloon, Hong Kong, Phone: +852-34097421 Fax: +852-23070582, e-mail: jackywylee@gmail.com
                Article
                DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10008-1156
                PMC ID: 4741162
                PubMed ID: 26997803
                SO-VID: f8960e46-c6cd-4ec2-8be3-b04e67c4c069
                Copyright © Copyright © 2014; Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.
                License:

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

                History
                Date received : 28 May 2013
                Date accepted : 01 July 2013
                Categories
                Subject: Original Research

                Keywords: ex-press,uveitic glaucoma,intraocular pressure,success,complications,medication.
                Data availability:
                Keywords: ex-press, uveitic glaucoma, intraocular pressure, success, complications, medication.

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