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      Current equilibrium exchange rate: methodology and estimations for Latin American countries Translated title: Taxa de câmbio de equilíbrio: metodologia e estimativas para países da América Latina

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT This paper proposes a methodology for the estimation of the current account equilibrium exchange rate - the exchange rate that guarantees the intertemporal current account equilibrium for a country. Moreover, the methodology is tested throughout appropriate econometric technics (VECM Models) for Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Colombia, using quarterly data from around 2000 (according to data availability for each country) to 2020. The model includes both long-term structural variables such as terms of trade, goods and service trade as percentage of GDP and GDP per capita as well short term policy variables such as interest rate differential and EMBI plus. Apart from proposing an innovative methodology for estimating the current account equilibrium exchange rate, the paper brings important insights in terms of chronicle and cyclical appreciation (depreciation) of the exchange rate in LA countries. In addition, it shows high correlation between the exchange rate negative (positive) misalignments and the current account deficits (surpluses) in the countries analyzed.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO Este artigo propõe uma metodologia para a estimação da taxa de câmbio de equilíbrio em conta-corrente - a taxa de câmbio que garante o equilíbrio intertemporal da conta-corrente de um país. Além disso, a metodologia é testada através de técnicas econométricas apropriadas (Modelos VECM) para Argentina, Brasil, Chile e Colômbia, usando dados trimestrais de cerca de 2000 (de acordo com a disponibilidade de dados para cada país) até 2020. O modelo inclui tanto variáveis como termos de troca, comércio de bens e serviços como porcentagem do PIB e PIB per capita, bem como variáveis de política de curto prazo, como diferencial de taxas de juros e EMBI plus. Além de propor uma metodologia inovadora para estimar a taxa de câmbio de equilíbrio em conta-corrente, o artigo traz insights importantes em termos de apreciação (depreciação) crônica e cíclica da taxa de câmbio nos países da AL. Além disso, mostra alta correlação entre os desalinhamentos negativos (positivos) da taxa de câmbio e os déficits em conta-corrente (superávits) nos países analisados.

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          The Dutch disease and its neutralization: a Ricardian approach

          The Dutch disease is a major market failure originated in the existence of cheap and abundant natural or human resources that keep overvalued the currency of a country for an undetermined period of time, thus turning non profitable the production of tradable goods using technology in the state-of-the-art. It is an obstacle to growth on the demand side, because it limits investment opportunities. The severity of the Dutch disease varies according to the extent of the Ricardian rents involved, i.e., according to the difference between two exchange rate equilibriums: the ‘current’ or market rate and the ‘industrial’ rate - the one that make viable efficient tradable industries. Its main symptoms, besides overvalued currency, are low rates of growth of the manufacturing industry, artificially high real wages, and unemployment. Its neutralization requires managing the exchange rate. The principal instrument for that is a sales or export tax on the commodities that give origin to the Dutch disease. In order to neutralize it policymakers face major political obstacles since it involves taxing exports and reducing wages. Finally, this papers argues that there is an extended concept of Dutch disease: besides having its origin in natural resources, it may arise from cheap labor provided that the ‘wage spread’ in the developing country is considerably larger than in the developed one - a condition that is usually present.
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            A taxa de câmbio no centro da teoria do desenvolvimento

            Este artigo apresenta as principais ideias da macroeconomia estruturalista do desenvolvimento - a teoria por trás de novo-desenvolvimentismo. Seu foco é a taxa de câmbio que é pela primeira vez colocada no centro da economia do desenvolvimento. A teoria econômica geralmente vê a taxa de câmbio como um problema de curto prazo a ser discutido na macroeconomia. A macroeconomia estruturalista do desenvolvimento mostra que há, nos países em desenvolvimento, a tendência à sobreapreciação cíclica da taxa de câmbio causada pela falta de neutralização da doença holandesa e por entradas de capital excessivas. Em consequência, considera a taxa de câmbio cronicamente sobreapreciada e, por isso, um grande obstáculo ao crescimento econômico. No processo de desenvolvimento, a taxa de câmbio tem a função de um interruptor de luz que conecta ou desconecta as empresas nacionais que utilizam a tecnologia no estado da arte mundial dos mercados mundiais.
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              A structural economic dynamics approach to balance-of-payments-constrained growth

                Author and article information

                Journal
                rep
                Brazilian Journal of Political Economy
                Brazil. J. Polit. Econ.
                Centro de Economia Política (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0101-3157
                1809-4538
                December 2022
                : 42
                : 4
                : 809-834
                Affiliations
                [4] orgnameGetulio Vargas Foundation Brazil tiago.porto@ 123456fgv.edu.br
                [7] orgnameFGV orgdiv1Sao Paulo School of Business Administration Brazil
                [8] orgnameGetulio Vargas Foundation Brazil leaorarl@ 123456gmail.com
                [1] orgnameGetulio Vargas Foundation Brazil bresserpereira@ 123456gmail.com
                [5] orgnameCenter for Studies on New Developmentalism Brazil
                [9] orgnameCenter for Studies on New Developmentalism Brazil
                [3] orgnameCenter for Studies on New Developmentalism Brazil
                [2] orgnameGetulio Vargas Foundation orgdiv1Sao Paulo School of Business Administration Brazil nelson.marconi@ 123456fgv.br
                [6] orgnameMaringá State University Brazil elianedearaujo@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S0101-31572022000400809 S0101-3157(22)04200400809
                10.1590/0101-31572022-3436
                f8989170-7bf7-4615-b13a-750ed9f41018

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 February 2021
                : 28 June 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 22, Pages: 26
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Articles

                VEC Model.,new developmentalism,current account,Equilibrium exchange rate,Modelo VEC.,novo desenvolvimentismo,conta-corrente,Taxa de câmbio de equilíbrio

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